Buchmann Faculty

1 INTRODUCTION It is often the case that an established product is challenged by a new product, which is first inferior to the established product. Nevertheless, this new product may often have the potential for improvement, if it is supplied and sold to consumers. For example, consumers may not be aware of the new product's virtues, and only if it is sold, and consumers try it, their demand for it increases (Guadagni and Little [1983]; Osborne [2011]; Seetharaman et al. [1999]).

INTRODUCTION What is the effect of caseload volume on judicial bias? There is a large body of literature documenting differences in case outcomes influenced by ethnicity, race, and gender (Avery & Cooper, 2020; Clemons, 2014; Fazio & Dunton, 1997; Kang et al., 2011; Mustard, 2001; Starr, 2015). However, little is known about the effects of caseload volume on the impartiality of judicial rulings.