Bugang Liang

Abstract Resistance to lenvatinib remains a major barrier in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), underscoring the urgent need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify actionable therapeutic targets. In this study, we identified a neurosecretory factor derived from HCC cells, Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), as a critical mediator of lenvatinib resistance.

Keywords: Claudin4 hepatic-to-biliary transition lenvatinib resistance palmitoylation hepatocellular carcinoma Introduction Lineage transition is an intricate and poorly understood process in which the original lineage of a cancer undergoes alteration, leading to the emergence of a new cancer lineage. Due to the dynamic nature of cancer, tumor cell subpopulations evolve continuously throughout malignant progression and systemic treatment.