Chengsi Hou

Physico-Chemical Treatment and Resource RecoveryOctober 9, 2025 Zhengwei Zhou State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Guojie Ye State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and...

Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description adma202504614-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx14.3 MB Supporting Information References 1a) , , , , Science 2000, 289, 284; b) , , Sci. Adv. 2016, 2, 1500323. 2a) , , , , , , , , , Nat. Sustainability 2021, 4, 85; b) , , , , , , , , , ACS Nano 2021, 15, 12535. 3a) , , , , , , , , Nat. Energy 2018, 3, 1031; b) , , , , , , , Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4449. 4, , , , , Nat. Rev. Mater. 2020, 5, 388. 5, , , , , , , Nat.

1 Introduction As an important metallic element, chromium (Cr) finds extensive application in industrial processes such as metallurgy, electroplating, printing and dyeing, and leather tanning.[1] The natural composition of the Cr element includes hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)).[2] Among them, Cr(VI) is highly toxic and carcinogenic and is classified as a class I human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1998).[3] In addition, Cr(VI)...