Chitrak Gupta

Abstract The aerobic electron transfer chain builds a proton gradient by proton coupled electron transfer reactions through multiple proteins. Complex I is the first enzyme in this chain. On transfer of two electrons from NADH to quinone four protons are pumped from the N- (negative, higher pH) to the P- (positive, lower) side.

The mitochondrial respiratory chain, formed by five protein complexes, utilizes energy from catabolic processes to synthesize ATP. Complex I, the first and the largest protein complex of the chain, harvests electrons from NADH to reduce quinone, while pumping protons across the mitochondrial membrane.

Justin Westerfield + Author Footnotes Justin Westerfield Footnotes + contributed equally Affiliations Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA Search for articles by this author Chitrak Gupta + Author Footnotes Chitrak Gupta Footnotes + contributed equally Affiliations C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA Search for articles by this author Haden L.