Chuang Luo

Discussion The VSA has been proven utility and simplicity for evaluating lower urinary tract function in mice. However, it is confounded by the housing environment and VSA procedural parameters by altering the social behaviors of mice. Furthermore, the lacking of standard protocol among laboratories makes comparisons across studies tenuous. We and others previously examined the impact of VSA procedural parameters and housing conditions. However, still, many untested variables existed.