Chuljin Hwang

1 Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD)—the leading global cause of death—accounted for ≈20.5 million deaths in 2021 and exhibits increasing prevalence across all age groups in various countries.[1-6] Early-stage symptoms of CVD are often mild or intermittent, making accurate and timely diagnosis challenging, which increases the risk of delayed or missed intervention.[7, 8] These clinical limitations underscore the necessity for real-time cardiac monitoring capable of continuous,...

1. Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder characterized by disrupted tear-film homeostasis. Its etiology involves tear-film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities. (1) DED symptoms include severe pain and fluctuations in vision, which can significantly reduce quality of life.

1. Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder characterized by disrupted tear-film homeostasis. Its etiology involves tear-film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities. (1) DED symptoms include severe pain and fluctuations in vision, which can significantly reduce quality of life.