Hang Chan Jo

1 Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD)—the leading global cause of death—accounted for ≈20.5 million deaths in 2021 and exhibits increasing prevalence across all age groups in various countries.[1-6] Early-stage symptoms of CVD are often mild or intermittent, making accurate and timely diagnosis challenging, which increases the risk of delayed or missed intervention.[7, 8] These clinical limitations underscore the necessity for real-time cardiac monitoring capable of continuous,...

Open AccessArticle by 1, 2,3, 4,5, 2,3,6,* and 1,* 1 División de Tecnologías para la Integración Ciber-Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Av. Revolución 1500, Guadalajara C.P. 44430, Jalisco, Mexico 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea 3 Center for Sensor Systems, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea 4 UC Davis Eyepod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology...