Da Eun

1 Introduction The term “drug shortage” lacks a globally standardized definition, with significant variations or no definitions at all across countries (World Health Organization, 2015). From a supply perspective, drug shortages refer to the inadequate availability of medicines, health-related products, and vaccines required to meet public health and patient needs within the healthcare system.

Published March 14, 2025 | Version v1 Presentation Open 1. University of Bologna Determining basic stellar parameters such as effective temperature and extinction is an essential step in analysing stellar spectra because the accuracy of these parameters significantly influences measurements of accretion properties and the interpretation of stellar evolution and planet formation of young stellar systems.