Dafna Bar-Sagi

PerspectiveVolume 187, Issue 7p1589-1616 1The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK 2Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK 3INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France 4AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK 5Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France 6Paris Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicetre, France 7Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland...

Lewis W.H. Pinocytosis. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1931; 49: 17-27 Simanshu D.K. et al. RAS proteins and their regulators in human disease. Cell. 2017; 170: 17-33 Bar-Sagi D. Feramisco J.R. Induction of membrane ruffling and fluid-phase pinocytosis in quiescent fibroblasts by RAS proteins. Science. 1986; 233: 1061-1068 DeBerardinis R.J. Chandel N.S. Fundamentals of cancer metabolism. Sci. Adv. 2016; 2e1600200 Commisso C. et al. Macropinocytosis of protein is an amino acid supply route in Ras-transformed cells.

Summary Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated efficacy in multiple cancers, offering the potential of long-term disease control not achievable with cytotoxic or targeted therapies. However, the field has not yet achieved the crucial next steps — the expansion of the response rate and achievement of clinical efficacy in so-called “cold tumours”.