Daniel Ackermann

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern. Although certain elements have been implicated in CKD, evidence based on 24-h urinary excretion and kidney outcomes remains limited. Cross-sectional data from the SKIPOGH cohort (2008–2013) were used to assess 24-h urinary element excretion, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and CKD. Associations were evaluated using multivariable regression, nonlinear modeling, mixture analysis, and fractional excretion.

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Urinary excretion of steroid hormones in diabetic patients and healthy controls Phenotypic characteristics of diabetic patients and healthy controls are shown in Table 1. Mean age of diabetic patients and their controls was 60 and 59 years, respectively. Diabetic patients had a higher BMI, higher systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose. Urinary metabolites and the calculated enzymatic activities are shown separately for men and women.