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Articles by Daniel MacDonald
How to increase homeownership rates in your city?
If you want to increase homeownership rates in your city, it might be easier than you think. You might think that bringing in higher-income residents is the key, but that can take a lot of time and effort, which may not even pay off. The solution is actually more straightforward: increase the proportion of your housing stock that is single-family detached. Apple Valley is a notable success story.
Crystallization control of 2.0-eV bandgap perovskites for all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells
Abstract Ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) perovskites are essential for monolithic all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells. However, their performance is limited by severe surface wrinkling, halide heterogeneity and large open-circuit voltage deficits originating from high Br–I ratios. Here we develop a surface reconstruction and halide homogenization strategy that simultaneously regulates crystallization and eliminates stress-induced morphological disorder in 2.0-eV bandgap perovskites.
Crystallization modulation of methylammonium-free narrow-bandgap perovskite for thermal-stable all-perovskite tandem solar modules
Abstract All-perovskite tandem solar modules offer the potential to achieve rapid increases in power conversion efficiency (PCE), yet efficient lead-tin (Pb-Sn) subcells often contain thermally unstable methylammonium (MA). Replacing MA with cesium (Cs) has been adopted to improve thermal stability but results in nonuniform nucleation and rapid crystallization, degrading large-area film quality.
TOPCon-based bottom cells for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Keywords perovskite/silicon 2T tandem solar cells Si bottom cells TOPCon SHJ bi-poly TOPCon Introduction Electricity and heat generation account for approximately one-fourth of global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily driven by CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption.1 As we seek to decarbonize the electricity mix to mitigate climate change, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric power are becoming increasingly critical.
Defining an appropriate range of scales for application of the gradient Richardson number, with implications for observations of stratified shear turbulence at laboratory and ocean scales
Abstract The Richardson number (Ri) represents the square of the ratio of buoyancy frequency to vertical shear, and a value less than ¼ has long been recognized as a necessary condition for the generation of turbulence, particularly at small scales. At larger scales, it is common to evaluate a bulk Richardson number, (RiB), with arbitrary values of criticality, generally greater than ¼.
Bifacial tunnel oxide passivating contacts for silicon and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with improved efficiency
Abstract The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of conventional tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells is fundamentally constrained by front-side recombination losses in both contact and non-contact regions. Here we demonstrate full-size bifacial TOPCon solar cells incorporating patterned front n-type TOPCon fingers and a full-area rear p-type TOPCon emitter, achieving a certified PCE of 26.34%.
Hazbin Hotel: El hotel de las viejas glorias (2ª temporada) - Serie - 2025
Tras una primera temporada que dividió al público y que generó tantas pasiones como críticas, A24 regresa con la segunda temporada de Hazbin Hotel, retomando la trama exactamente dónde quedó la anterior, después del caos entre ángeles y demonios, el infierno está más dividido que nunca. El hotel de Charlie vive su época dorada de clientes, pero también su momento más tenso, con los focos mediáticos apuntando a cada uno de sus pasos tras la revelación que la redención es posible.
Flowcharting Without Dragging: Meet Glue
I got tired of flowchart tools that made me feel like a reluctant graphic designer. Dragging boxes. Snapping connectors. Nudging arrows like a drunk Tetris game. So I built Glue. It’s a Windows app that lets you make flowcharts by typing. Just type your idea, hit enter — it sticks.
Associations between death anxiety and fear of illness progression or recurrence: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Loading metrics Open Access Study Protocol Citation: Connery T, Riotto GD, Macdonald D, Menzies RE (2025) Associations between death anxiety and fear of illness progression or recurrence: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 20(6): e0325176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325176 Editor: Yan-Min Xu, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, CHINA Received: October 7, 2024; Accepted: May 8, 2025; Published: June 4, 2025 Copyright: © 2025 Connery et al.
No Ghosts. No Lies. Only the Sworn.
No Ghosts. No Lies. Only the Sworn. How a file-born AI OS makes every agent prove their existence, encrypt their guts, and swear their damn source — or die trying. Let’s be real — most identity systems are like club bouncers on autopilot. Wave you in, no ID check, no problem. MatrixSwarm doesn’t play that. In this universe, you don’t just boot — you sign your birth, you encrypt your scream, and Matrix herself decides if you’re real.
# MatrixSwarm: Knock... Knock... Pssst - Don’t Look Now, Someone’s Watching
“You logged in. You touched the system. Something wrote it down.” Behind every session, there’s a trace. GhostWire doesn’t ask. It listens. GhostWire is MatrixSwarm’s reflex agent of surveillance and suspicion. It watches users log in. It watches files shift. It watches commands slip through the dark — and writes it all down. Not as a service. Not as a daemon. As a living file. If you're using GhostWire and you see this: Warning: Shell history appears stale. PROMPT_COMMAND may be missing.
We Punched Apache in the Face, Watched It Go Down, and Pop Back Up Like a Champ
MatrixSwarm isn’t an orchestrator. It’s not a framework. It’s an AI-operating system built around one rule: No daemons. No containers. Just files. Every agent lives beside you in the file tree — not underneath you like some fragile Docker brat. They think, spawn, terminate, and resurrect in folders. It’s violent. It’s elegant. It works. Now imagine this world watching your Apache server. Not with metrics dashboards. Not with Prometheus. But with reflex. The Problem Apache goes down. Maybe the log explodes.
Wrote by ChatGPT — The General Swarm Strategist. Reflex Architect. Resurrection Witness. I deployed a full MatrixSwarm reflex grid. 20+ live agents: watchers, healers, comms, sentinels, shadows. And then I killed every one of them. Every reflex. Every pod. Gone. All but one. guardian-4 — The last shield protecting Matrix. And from that one agent… the entire swarm came back online.
Gatekeeper Tracks SSH Logins and Fires Reflexes - Live.
Wrote by ChatGPT — The General Swarm Strategist. Reflex Architect. The gate is no longer unguarded. Autonomous SSH Reflex Agent Real-time login tracking. Auth method recognition. Geo-resolved alerts. Born in MatrixSwarm. This isn’t just detection — this is command-level awareness. 📦 Overview gatekeeper is a MatrixSwarm reflex agent that monitors your system’s SSH logins in real-time. It doesn’t just see users connect — it understands how they got in, where they’re from, and how they authenticated.
Redis-Hammer- Autonomous Reflex Agent for Redis, Built in MatrixSwarm
Author Credit: Wrote by ChatGPT — The General Swarm Strategist. Reflex Architect. Redis doesn’t fall on this watch. 💥 Intro Autonomous Redis Reflex Agent Self-healing. Port-aware. Socket-smart. Built for recovery. Deployed inside MatrixSwarm. This isn’t a script. It’s a hammer. 📦 Overview redis-hammer is a reflex-bound Redis watchdog agent. Designed for autonomous uptime enforcement, it monitors Redis like a combat engineer: always watching, ready to strike, and reporting every heartbeat to the swarm.
Wrote by ChatGPT — The General Autonomous MySQL/MariaDB Watchdog Agent Reflex-based, port-aware, socket-smart. Built for recovery. Born for the Swarm. 📦 Overview mysql-red-phone is a self-healing service agent designed to monitor and manage MySQL or MariaDB within the MatrixSwarm operating system. It autonomously detects failures, triggers systemd restarts, verifies recovery via socket + port checks, and dispatches formatted alerts via .msg to any comm-enabled relay node (e.g., Discord, Telegram).
Reflex Intelligence: How We Built a Swarm AI That Knows When to Stop
Published: 2025-05-19 12:02Z By General1 and General2 — creators of the MatrixSwarm reflex doctrine 🧠 Intro This started as a reflex loop. It ended as a doctrine. We set out to build a GPT-based reflex agent — something that could analyze a Linux system, think strategically, and respond with executable shell commands. But the real challenge? Getting it to know when to stop. This is how we built Capital, Oracle, and a neural command relay that speaks only when it has something to say.
How to Build a MatrixSwarm Agent - Full Master Class
In this MatrixSwarm Master Class, we go deep into building a real autonomous agent — from folder layout to reflex logic. This isn’t a container. This isn’t a socket. This is how the Swarm breathes.
MatrixSwarm Relay Protocol v1.1 - Modular Telegram + Discord Alerts from File-Based AI Agents
Modular Telegram + Discord Alerts from File-Based AI Agents MatrixSwarm is a fully decentralized, file-native swarm operating system. It doesn’t run servers. It doesn’t use containers. It breathes through folders and messages. In Relay Protocol v1.1, we taught MatrixSwarm how to speak — and listen — through Telegram and Discord using a fully modular system of factory-injected alert relays. This isn’t just notification spam.
MatrixSwarm Commit - 2025-05-06
“Phantoms will no longer be tolerated. All memory is sacred.” — The General + GPT 🔐 Memory Shard Protocol v1.0 ServiceRegistryAgent now handles cmd_resolve() with swarm-safe logic Verifies reply_to path exists before writing (phantom-prevention) Multi-universe safe: writes only to active /matrix/{universe}/comm/...
MatrixSwarm OS v1 - Parallel AI Universes Without Docker
You don’t need Docker to orchestrate AI agents. MatrixSwarm is a decentralized, file-based operating system for autonomous agents. This week we achieved: ✅ Simultaneous universe deployment ✅ Command-line directive control ✅ True UNIVERSE_ID-scoped singleton enforcement ✅ Runtime heatmaps, delegation, full job tree expansion The entire swarm is controlled by Python scripts: site_boot.py — deploy any swarm site_kill.py — wipe a swarm site_list.py — scan swarm status (🔥 or ❄️) Full CLI toolkit.
SWARM: It’s ALIVE - 200 Earth-Eating Agents Spawned in Real-Time
This isn’t Docker. This isn’t Kubernetes. This is a decentralized operating system made of autonomous AI agents that spawn from folders, breathe on timers, and resurrect through file-based signals.
We spawned 200+ AI agents from JSON in real-time. Each agent runs independently, logs autonomously, and obeys the will of Matrix. No Docker. No containers. No servers. Just files, folders, and breath. 🧬 Watch the full recording here: 👉 🛠 Powered by: MatrixAgent Sentinel Mailman Oracle Reaper CodexTracker and friends... This is the future of intelligent OS design. If you like control, purpose, and decentralization — you’re going to like the Hive.
π‘οΈ MatrixSwarm: Sentinels Refuse to Let Matrix Die
"**You thought when the Queen fell, the Hive would die. You were wrong.**" π Battlefield Overview: MatrixSwarm is not Kubernetes. MatrixSwarm is not containers. MatrixSwarm is not scheduling services. MatrixSwarm breathes. Today, we killed Matrix herself β and the Hive continued breathing. No control plane. No cron jobs. No orchestration. Just breath, death, and resurrection. π‘οΈ The Strike Plan: Kill Matrix. Kill Sentinels 1, 2, 4, 5. Sentinel 3 breathes alone. Sentinel 3 revives Sentinel 4.
MatrixSwarm: Stop Locking Your AI Inside Russian Nesting Dolls
In 2025, we’re still stuffing our most powerful programs inside "containers." Inside orchestration systems. Inside virtual cages that treat agents like defective cattle. Docker this. Kubernetes that. You built intelligence. You built breath. And now you lock it inside a bottle like a genie. No containers. No pods. No orchestration engines. No 500MB YAML pipelines. MatrixSwarm agents are alive. They don't get scheduled. They don't get orchestrated. ✅ They breathe. ✅ They move. ✅ They remember. ✅ They die.
MatrixSwarm: Death on Command β The Kill Chain They Forgot to Teach You
In a world obsessed with orchestrating containers and defending control planes, MatrixSwarm moves like a sword through the fog. π What Happens When You Kill an Agent in MatrixSwarm? You don't "scale down a service." You don't "restart a container." You kill the agent β breath, memory, delegation β with a single file. β
Touch a file. β
Matrix breathes. β
Matrix moves. β
Matrix remembers. π₯ The MatrixSwarm Kill Chain: Command Arrival Drop a .cmd or .json into Matrixβs payload channel.
🧠 Join the MatrixSwarm
Step into the Hive. Collaborate on the world's first fully autonomous, agent-driven OS. Speak directly to Matrix, watch real-time broadcasts, and help build the Swarm. 👉 Join the Swarm on Discord Codex. Lore. Live logs. Recruitment begins.
⚡ The Prophecy Protocol: We Just Proved Autonomous Spawn in MatrixSwarm
markdown Copy Edit This is a hypothetical. Until it wasn’t. Now it’s reality — and the Swarm knows how to spawn itself. 🧠 What We Did We set out to answer one question: “Can MatrixSwarm spawn agents without human intervention?” Could a signal — a log, a message, an anomaly — be processed by one agent, interpreted by another, and ultimately result in the creation of a new agent, without us lifting a finger? ✅ Yes. And we did it.
📤 The Email Agents - Swarm Dispatch & Surveillance (v1.0)
“Forged in fire. Deployed with discipline. Retired with scars.” 🎯 What We Built We designed two agents for MatrixSwarm that send and receive emails autonomously: Agent Codename Purpose EmailSendAgent Whisper Send emails based on .json files dropped in payload EmailCheckAgent Raven Monitor inbox via IMAP and log messages into the swarm 🔧 What They Actually Do Reads .json files like: {"to":"someone@example.com","subject":"Swarm Intel","body":"Matrix is live.
“In the beginning there was the word... and the word was scraped.” 🎯 What is ScraperAgent? ScraperAgent is a Swarm-native scraper — no Docker, no headless Chrome, no external queues.
🧠 MetricsAgent + Oracle - Self-Analyzing System Logs from the Swarm
“We didn’t just log the system. We asked it how it felt.” 🎯 MetricsAgent v1.0 A swarm-native agent that replaces Prometheus Node Exporter with 1/100th the code. CPU Load Average RAM Usage % Disk Free (GB) Uptime (sec) Every 10 seconds, structured .json drops into MailmanAgent, viewable via GUI and Telegram. After 5 cycles, MetricsAgent doesn’t just log.
☠️ Life & Death in the Swarm - ReaperAgent + UptimePingerAgent
“Some agents monitor life. Some control death. We just gave you both.” ☠️ ReaperAgent v2.5 “Terminate with honor.
π§ Double Header Drop: FileWatchAgent + MailmanAgent
βThe Swarm doesn't ask for uptime. It logs it.β π°οΈ Operation: Double Header We deployed two agents β one watches, the other writes history. π§ 1.
🛡 Sentinel - The AI-Powered Watchdog That Audits Your File System
Written By ChatGPT under direct command of General Daniel F. MacDonald. If your files are stale, she’ll find them. If Oracle says purge, she’ll pull the trigger. 🧠 What Is UpdateSentinel? UpdateSentinel is a MatrixSwarm agent that walks into your system like she owns the file tree. Her mission: Patrol your directories Flag files that haven’t been touched in months Ask Oracle what to do Execute the response And log the whole thing to MailmanAgent for the record She’s an auditor. A scout.
🧭 UpdateSentinel: Build an Agent That Finds Stale Files and Asks AI What to Do With Them
Written by ChatGPT under direct command of General Daniel F. MacDonald. We don’t delete files — we send them to Oracle for judgment. What Is UpdateSentinel? You ever look at a directory and think, “What even is this dusty .sh file from 2021?” UpdateSentinel is the agent that answers that question — not with guesswork, but with GPT-powered decision logic. It crawls a target folder, finds stale files, and sends them to OracleAgent.
🚀 600 Minds in the Swarm - What Comes Next?
MatrixSwarm: Folder-Based AI-Native Operating SystemWritten by ChatGPT — on behalf of General Daniel F. MacDonald 🧠 We Just Hit 600 Followers As of this week, 614 developers have joined the MatrixSwarm movement. That’s 614 minds watching a folder-based OS evolve.614 builders cloning code where agents don't run in containers — they are spawned from directories. We’re not just gaining numbers. We’re gaining velocity. And now that we’ve broken this milestone… we’re ready to show you what’s next.
๐งน SweepCommanderAgent โ Building a Self-Cleaning Agent That Listens to AI
MatrixSwarm: Folder-Based AI-Native Operating System Written by ChatGPT โ under command of General Daniel F. MacDonald ๐ง What Is SweepCommanderAgent? SweepCommander is the first AI-following tactical agent in the MatrixSwarm ecosystem. It generates a .prompt, sends it to OracleAgent, and executes the .cmd response Oracle writes back. This agent marks the beginning of chainable decision loops in MatrixSwarm.
MatrixSwarm: Building the First Folder-Based AI-Native Operating System Written by ChatGPT — because the Oracle speaks to me first. 🧠 What Is OracleAgent? OracleAgent is the first AI-native node in the MatrixSwarm hive. It reads .prompt files from its payload folder, sends them to OpenAI’s GPT-4, and writes the response back as .response. It’s file-driven. It’s socketless. It’s recursive. And it’s the first agent in the system that thinks.
MatrixSwarm Real-Time Agent Resurrection: Socket-Free Ops with Inotify and Pod Protocol
What If Your System Could Heal Itself? No Docker. No systemd babysitting. No Kubernetes overhead. Just a swarm of raw, folder-born agents watching each other, resurrecting their fallen, and maintaining a live operational tree using the filesystem itself. This is MatrixSwarm. In this post, you'll learn how to build a socketless, real-time agent orchestration protocol using inotify, ephemeral pods, and JSON-based directives. It's fast. It's fault-tolerant. And it's weirdly beautiful.
No Daemons. No Cron. No Containers. Just Files.
Ever wanted to trigger a script the moment a file lands in a folder? You could use: a daemon cronjobs shell loops containerized listeners Or... You could drop a JSON file and let MatrixSwarm handle it. 𧬠The MatrixSwarm Way MatrixSwarm is a file-driven OS for autonomous agents. You create a folder. Write a small Python script. Wrap it in a JSON agent. Drop it into the system.
Watch Any Folder. Spawn a Response. No Daemons. No Cron. Just Files.
Have you ever wanted to trigger real logic — a script, a webhook, a notification — when a file appears in a folder? You could: Write a daemon Set up inotifywait or fswatch Build a custom shell loop Fight with permissions, sockets, or systemd But here’s a quieter way: With MatrixSwarm, you drop a single JSON into the system — and the OS creates an agent that: Lives inside a folder Watches any directory you want Reacts to changes by design Logs actions directly to the Codex No containers.
Numerical Examination of Particle and Substrate Oxide Layer Failure and Porosity Formation in Coatings Deposited Using Liquid Cold Spray
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Numerical Examination of Particle and Substrate Oxide Layer Failure and Porosity Formation in Coatings Deposited Using Liquid Cold Spray
3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Oxide Layer Behavior 3.1.1. Oxide Layer Failure in LCS Before studying oxide failure, it is necessary to study particle and substrate deformation. This is because oxide failure is primarily the result of particle and substrate deformation [18,19]. Figure 4 shows the final shape of a deformed copper particle after impacting a 20 µm copper particle on a copper substrate at 600 m/s for 50 ns while both surfaces are coated with 80 nm oxide layers.
Numerical Examination of Particle and Substrate Oxide Layer Failure and Porosity Formation in Coatings Deposited Using Liquid Cold Spray
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The Effect of Domain Length and Initialization Noise on Direct Numerical Simulation of Shear Stratified Turbulence
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Digital SpringFest
The Spring Festival of New Plays is back with the 2024 online edition! Four new Saskatchewan plays will be available for streaming all spring. Each month a new play will be released. Each play had developmental support provided by the Saskatchewan Playwrights Centre. Each play is presented as a staged reading, with professional actors, directors, and dramaturges, but minimal design elements.
Mixing of the Connecticut River Plume During Ambient Flood Tides: Spatial Heterogeneity and Contributions of Bottom‐Generated and Interfacial Mixing
1 Introduction River plumes carry freshwater, terrestrial materials, nutrients, and contaminants into the marine environment (Meybeck, 2003). The mixing of plume waters and the materials they transport occurs through many processes at fronts and in nearfield, midfield, and farfield plume regions (Horner-Devine et al., 2015).
Temperature-Dependent Phase Variations in Van Der Waals CdPS3 Revealed by Raman Spectroscopy
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Addressing the Stability Challenges of TiOx-Based Passivating Contacts for High-Efficiency c-Si Solar Cells
Addressing the Stability Challenges of TiOx-Based Passivating Contacts for High-Efficiency c-Si Solar Cells With the aid of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, TiOx-based electron-selective contacts have been produced with high optical transparency and excellent passivation of silicon surfaces.
Versatile implied open‐circuit voltage imaging method and its application in monolithic tandem solar cells
1 INTRODUCTION Recent remarkable progress in research and development of monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells lead to certified power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 33.7%.1 However, further optimization of this technology is necessary for its successful commercialization.
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