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Articles by Daniel Rabe
Perivascular cells function as key mediators of mechanical and structural changes in vascular capillaries
Abstract A hallmark of chronic and inflammatory diseases is the formation of a fibrotic and stiff extracellular matrix (ECM), typically associated with abnormal, leaky microvascular capillaries. Mechanisms explaining how the microvasculature responds to ECM alterations remain unknown.
Molecular dynamics at immune synapse lipid rafts influence the cytolytic behavior of CAR T cells
Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) targeting CD19 through CD28.ζ signaling induce rapid lysis of leukemic blasts, contrasting with persistent tumor control exhibited by 4-1BB.ζ-CART. We reasoned that molecular dynamics at the CART immune synapse (CARIS) could explain differences in their tumor rejection kinetics.
Cropland expansion links climate extremes and diets in Nigeria
Abstract Climate change threatens smallholder agriculture and food security in the Global South. While cropland expansion is often used to counter adverse climate effects despite ecological trade-offs, the benefits for diets and nutrition remain unclear. This study quantitatively examines relationships between climate anomalies, forest loss from cropland expansion, and dietary outcomes in Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country.
Noncanonical UPR factor CREB3L2 drives immune evasion of triple-negative breast cancer through Hedgehog pathway modulation in T cells
Abstract The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway is crucial for tumorigenesis, mainly by regulating cancer cell stress responses and survival. However, whether UPR factors facilitate cell-cell communication between cancer cells and immune cells to drive cancer progression remains unclear.
Ultrasensitive detection of intact SARS-CoV-2 particles in complex biofluids using microfluidic affinity capture
Abstract Measuring virus in biofluids is complicated by confounding biomolecules coisolated with viral nucleic acids. To address this, we developed an affinity-based microfluidic device for specific capture of intact severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our approach used an engineered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to capture intact virus from plasma and other complex biofluids.
Flap endonuclease 1 repairs DNA-protein cross-links via ADP-ribosylation-dependent mechanisms
Abstract DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are among the most detrimental genomic lesions. They are ubiquitously produced by formaldehyde (FA), and failure to repair FA-induced DPCs blocks chromatin-based processes, leading to neurodegeneration and cancer. The type, structure, and repair of FA-induced DPCs remain largely unknown.
Cpeb1 remodels cell type-specific translational program to promote fear extinction
Abstract Protein translation is crucial for fear extinction, a process vital for adaptive behavior and mental health, yet the underlying cell-specific mechanisms remain elusive. Using a Tet-On 3G genetic approach, we achieved precise temporal control over protein translation in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL) during fear extinction.
Chromatin conformation, gene transcription, and nucleosome remodeling as an emergent system
Abstract In single cells, variably sized nanoscale chromatin structures are observed, but it is unknown whether these form a cohesive framework that regulates RNA transcription. Here, we demonstrate that the human genome is an emergent, self-assembling, reinforcement learning system. Conformationally defined heterogeneous, nanoscopic packing domains form by the interplay of transcription, nucleosome remodeling, and loop extrusion.
Beyond nature, nurture, and chance: Individual agency shapes divergent learning biographies and brain connectome
Abstract Individual choices shape life course trajectories of brain structure and function beyond genes and environment. We hypothesized that individual task engagement in response to a learning program results in individualized learning biographies and connectomics. Genetically identical female mice living in one large shared enclosure freely engaged in self-paced, automatically administered and monitored learning tasks.
Harnessing spatiotemporal transformation in magnetic domains for nonvolatile physical reservoir computing
Abstract Combining physics with computational models is increasingly recognized for enhancing the performance and energy efficiency in neural networks. Physical reservoir computing uses material dynamics of physical substrates for temporal data processing. Despite the ease of training, building an efficient reservoir remains challenging. Here, we explore beyond the conventional delay-based reservoirs by exploiting the spatiotemporal transformation in all-electric spintronic devices.
Large enhancement of ferroelectric properties of perovskite oxides via nitrogen incorporation
Abstract Perovskite oxides have a wide variety of physical properties that make them promising candidates for versatile technological applications including nonvolatile memory and logic devices. Chemical tuning of those properties has been achieved, to the greatest extent, by cation-site substitution, while anion substitution is much less explored due to the difficulty in synthesizing high-quality, mixed-anion compounds.
A claudin5-binding peptide enhances the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in vitro
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Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis but also prevents most drugs from entering the brain. No paracellular diffusion of solutes is allowed because of tight junctions that are made impermeable by the expression of claudin5 (CLDN5) by brain endothelial cells. The possibility of regulating the BBB permeability in a transient and reversible fashion is in strong demand for the pharmacological treatment of brain diseases.
By Daniel Rabe, Matthew Weller, Bhoktear Khan, Martina Trevisani, Alessandro Berselli, Giulio Alberini, Eleonora Centonze, Silvia Vercellino, Veronica Cartocci, Enrico Millo, Clarissa Braccia, Andrea Armirotti, Francesco Pisani, Federico Zara, Valentina Castagnola, Dinu Zinovie Ciobanu, Luca Maraglian
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Science Magazine
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Molecular basis for the stepwise and faithful maturation of the 20S proteasome
Abstract The proteasome degrades most superfluous and damaged proteins, and its decline is associated with many diseases. As the proteolytic unit, the 20S proteasome is assembled from 28 subunits assisted by chaperones PAC1/2/3/4 and POMP; then, it undergoes the maturation process, in which the proteolytic sites are activated and the assembly chaperones are cleared. However, mechanisms governing the maturation remain elusive.
Correspondence between Euler charges and nodal-line topology in Euler semimetals
Abstract Real multi-bandgap systems have non-abelian topological charges, with Euler semimetals being a prominent example characterized by real triple degeneracies (RTDs) in momentum space. These RTDs serve as “Weyl points” for real topological phases.
Optical control of spin waves in hybrid magnonic-plasmonic structures
Abstract Magnonics, which harnesses the unique properties of spin waves, offers promising advancements in data processing due to its broad frequency range, nonlinear dynamics, and scalability for on-chip integration. Effective information encoding in magnonic systems requires precise spatial and temporal control of spin waves. Here, we demonstrate the rapid optical control of spin-wave transport in hybrid magnonic-plasmonic structures.
Subcycle modulation of light’s orbital angular momentum via a Fourier space-time transformation
Abstract Achieving highly tailored control over both the spatial and temporal evolution of light’s orbital angular momentum (OAM) on ultrafast timescales remains a critical challenge in photonics. Here, we introduce a method to modulate the OAM of light on a femtosecond scale by engineering a space-time coupling in ultrashort pulses.
Groundwater releases CO2 to diverse global coastal ecosystems
Abstract Coastal ecosystems play a major role in marine carbon budgets, but substantial uncertainties remain in the sources and fluxes of coastal carbon dioxide (CO2). Here, we assess when, where, and how submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) releases CO2 to shallow coastal ecosystems. Time-series observations of dissolved CO2 and radon (222Rn, a natural groundwater tracer) across 40 coastal systems from 14 countries revealed large SGD-derived CO2 fluxes.
Abstract Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) can operate at intermediate temperatures (450° to 600°C) for power generation and hydrogen production. However, the operating temperature is still too high to revolutionize ceramic electrochemical cell technology. Lowering the operating temperature to <450°C will enable a wider material choice and reduce system costs.
Adaptive immune cells antagonize ILC2 homeostasis via SLAMF3 and SLAMF5
Abstract Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) mainly reside in tissues with few lymphoid cells. How their tissue residency is regulated remains poorly understood. This study explores the inhibitory role of SLAM-family receptors (SFRs) on adaptive immune cells in ILC2 maintenance. We observed an increase in the population of ILC2s in Rag1-deficient mice. Homotypic engagement of SFRs between ILC2s and adaptive immune cells was identified as a potential mechanism.
Reduced circulating sphingolipids and CERS2 activity are linked to T2D risk and impaired insulin secretion
Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a transient form of diabetes that resolves postpartum, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women. While the progression from GDM to T2D is not fully understood, it involves both genetic and environmental components.
High-throughput design of a light and strong refractory eutectic medium entropy alloy with outstanding He-ion irradiation resistance
Abstract Light, strong, and radiation-tolerant materials are essential for advanced nuclear systems and aerospace applications. However, the comprehensive properties of current radiation-tolerant materials are far from being satisfactory in harsh operating environments.
Preservation and early evolution of scalidophoran ventral nerve cord Original
Abstract Ecdysozoan worms (Nematoida + Scalidophora) are typified by disparate grades of neural organization reflecting a complex evolutionary history. The fossil record offers a unique opportunity to reconstruct the early character evolution of the nervous system via the exceptional preservation of extinct representatives. We focus on their nervous system as it appears in early and mid-Cambrian fossils.
Morphogen-induced kinase condensates transduce Hh signal by allosterically activating Gli
Abstract Hedgehog (Hh) morphogen governs embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through the Ci/Gli family transcription factors. Here we report that Hh induces phase separation of the fused (Fu)/Ulk family kinases to allosterically regulate Ci/Gli. We find that Hh-induced phosphorylation of Fu/Ulk3 promotes SUMOylation of their inverted phosphorylation-dependent SUMOylation motifs.
The punctuated evolution of the Venusian atmosphere from a transition in mantle convective style and volcanic outgassing
Abstract A key question in the planetary sciences centers on the divergence between the sibling planets, Venus and Earth. Venus currently does not operate with plate tectonics, and its thick atmosphere has led to extreme greenhouse conditions. It is unknown if this state was set primordially or if Venus was once more Earth-like. Here, we explore Venus as an example of a planet that recently transitioned between tectonic regimes.
Abstract Multi-valued logics (MVLs) offer higher information density, reduced circuit and interconnect complexity, lower power dissipation, and faster speed over conventional binary logic system. Recent advancement in MVL research, particularly with emerging low-dimensional materials, suggests that breakthroughs may be imminent if multistates transistors can be fabricated controllably for large-scale integration.
Continuous-wave perovskite polariton lasers
Abstract Solution-processed semiconductor lasers are next-generation light sources for large-scale, bio-compatible and integrated photonics. However, overcoming their performance-cost trade-off to rival III-V laser functionalities is a long-standing challenge. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature continuous-wave perovskite polariton lasers exhibiting remarkably low thresholds of ~0.4 W cm−2, enabled by a variable single-crystal perovskite microcavity.
Screening the human miRNA interactome reveals coordinated up-regulation in melanoma, adding bidirectional regulation to miRNA networks
Abstract Cellular protein expression is coordinated posttranscriptionally by an intricate regulatory network. The current presumption is that microRNAs (miRNAs) work by repression of functionally related targets within a system. In recent work, up-regulation of protein expression via direct interactions of messenger RNA with miRNA has been found in dividing cells, providing an additional mechanism of regulation.
Laws about bodily damage originate from shared intuitions about the value of body parts
Abstract From the biblical lex talionis to the medieval wergild system and modern workers’ compensation laws, laws about bodily damage may originate from cognitive mechanisms that capitalize on an enduring regularity: Different body parts vary in their incremental contributions to human functionality.
Gene expression in local stroma reflects breast tumor states and predicts patient outcome
All animal work was done in accordance with a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We injected one rear mammary fat pad from each of five athymic nude mice with MDA-MB-231-derived BM1 breast carcinoma cells suspended in PBS and allowed tumors to develop for four weeks. We then sacrificed the mice and extracted both the tumor-bearing and uninjected fat pads, bisected each fat pad, and separately isolated RNA from each tissue section.
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