Eef Hogervorst
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Articles by Eef Hogervorst
Dementia risk heterogeneity across cognitive decline stages and age-defined cohorts of former professional association footballers
Abstract Former professional footballers have an elevated neurodegenerative disease development and mortality risk, relative to control populations. Whether this risk is uniform across cognitive decline stages, and through age-defined cohorts, remains unclear. This study investigated whether this risk was heterogeneous across both dimensions through a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort of former professional footballers.
The physical activity paradox: not all forms of exercise lower your dementia risk – this type raises it
Not all physical activity is equal when it comes to protecting the brain from dementia. Where and why we move may matter more than most people realise. A large new review of studies published in The Lancet Public Health 00142-8/fulltext) found that leisure-time physical activity – such as sport, dancing or going to the gym – was linked to a 24% lower risk of dementia. Housework was linked to a 15% lower risk, although this finding came from just one study.
Probiotic Use and Self-Reported Psychological, Cognitive, and Gastrointestinal Outcomes in a Community Sample: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
1 Introduction The gut microbiome has long been recognized for its role in brain function, often being referred to as the “second brain” (Stronge and Prudhvi 2024). Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have demonstrated robust associations between the gut microbiome and multiple domains of health. These include mental health and psychopathology, such as mood-related outcomes (Shaikh et al. 2025, Makris et al. 2021, Rogers et al. 2016), eating disorders (Lam et al. 2017, Terry et al.
Not All Exercise Protects Your Brain – One Type Is Linked to Higher Dementia Risk
Exercise may support brain health through changes in blood flow, metabolism, and inflammation, but those benefits do not appear to arise equally from every kind of activity. Credit: Stock Not all physical activity is equal when it comes to protecting the brain from dementia. Where and why we move may matter more than most people realize.
Can HRT prevent dementia? What the latest research tells us
A study has raised a question that many women would understandably want answered: could hormone replacement therapy (HRT) protect against dementia? The research found that women who had used HRT were less likely to receive a dementia diagnosis during follow-up, particularly if they had undergone surgery involving their reproductive organs. But the results do not establish that HRT caused the difference.
Can HRT prevent dementia? What the latest research tells us Original
A study has raised a question that many women would understandably want answered: could hormone replacement therapy (HRT) protect against dementia? The research found that women who had used HRT were less likely to receive a dementia diagnosis during follow-up, particularly if they had undergone surgery involving their reproductive organs. But the results do not establish that HRT caused the difference.
Jestem specjalistką w dziedzinie demencji. Oto, jak naprawdę działa terapia hormonalna na mózgi kobiet
Za każdym razem, gdy czytam artykuły o kolejnych badaniach sugerujących, że hormonalna terapia zastępcza (HTZ) może poprawiać pamięć i chronić kobiety przed demencją, ogarnia mnie zniechęcenie. Myślę sobie: "Znowu to samo!". Często przedstawia się to jako nowatorski pomysł, coś, co dopiero zaczynamy rozumieć, ale nad tym tematem naukowcy pochylają się już od lat 50. XX wieku. Sama badam to zagadnienie od prawie 40 lat.
I'm a dementia expert. This is what HRT really does to women's brains
Our series The Expert View brings you specialist health advice from professionals. Here, Prof Eef Hogervorst, a neuropsychologist and epidemiologist at Loughborough University, explores the links between menopause hormones and cognitive decline. When I see articles about new studies which claim that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can improve memory and stave off dementia in women, my heart sinks.
I'm a dementia expert. This is what HRT really does to women's brains
Our series The Expert View brings you specialist health advice from professionals. Here, Prof Eef Hogervorst, a neuropsychologist and epidemiologist at Loughborough University, explores the links between menopause hormones and cognitive decline. When I see articles about new studies which claim that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can improve memory and stave off dementia in women, my heart sinks.
I'm a dementia expert. This is what HRT really does to women's brains
Eef Hogervorst Our series The Expert View brings you specialist health advice from professionals. Here, Prof Eef Hogervorst, a neuropsychologist and epidemiologist at Loughborough University, explores the links between menopause hormones and cognitive decline. When I see articles about new studies which claim that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can improve memory and stave off dementia in women, my heart sinks.
I’m a dementia expert. This is what HRT really does to women’s brains
Our series The Expert View brings you specialist health advice from professionals. Here, Prof Eef Hogervorst, a neuropsychologist and epidemiologist at Loughborough University, explores the links between menopause hormones and cognitive decline. When I see articles about new studies which claim that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can improve memory and stave off dementia in women, my heart sinks.
Can Speaking Multiple Languages Really Lower Dementia Risk? It’s Not That Simple
Speaking multiple languages may help keep the brain resilient and delay dementia symptoms, but research suggests it may not actually reduce the risk of developing dementia. The risk of dementia rises as the brain ages. One reason is that connections between brain cells weaken over time. Diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer’s and stroke, can speed this up, eventually leading to dementia, a loss of mental abilities and a loss of independence.
The physical activity paradox: not all forms of exercise lower your dementia risk — this type raises it
Not all physical activity is equal when it comes to protecting the brain from dementia. Where and why we move may matter more than most people realise. A large new review of studies published in The Lancet Public Health found that leisure-time physical activity — such as sport, dancing or going to the gym — was linked to a 24 per cent lower risk of dementia. Housework was linked to a 15 per cent lower risk, although this finding came from just one study.
The physical activity paradox: not all forms of exercise lower your dementia risk - this type raises it
India, Aug. 25 -- A major review in The Lancet Public Health shows a physical activity paradox in dementia risk. Leisure exercise like sports, dancing, gym workouts and even housework significantly lower dementia risk, while physically demanding jobs and active commuting may raise it. Researchers suggest factors such as education, pollution and unequal access to leisure time help explain why not all movement protects the brain.
The physical activity paradox: Not all forms of exercise lower your dementia risk. This type raises it
Not all physical activity is equal when it comes to protecting the brain from dementia. Where and why we move may matter more than most people realize. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest sci-tech news updates. A large new review of studies published in The Lancet Public Health found that leisure-time physical activity—such as sports, dancing or going to the gym—was linked to a 24% lower risk of dementia.
The physical activity paradox: not all forms of exercise lower your dementia risk – this type raises it
© 2026 Tolerance.ca ® Inc. All reproduction rights reserved. All information reproduced on the Web pages of www.tolerance.ca (including articles, images, photographs, and logos) is protected by intellectual property rights owned by Tolerance.ca ® Inc. or, in certain cases, by its author. Any reproduction of the information for use other than personal use is prohibited.
The physical activity paradox: not all forms of exercise lower your dementia risk – this type raises it Original
Not all physical activity is equal when it comes to protecting the brain from dementia. Where and why we move may matter more than most people realise. A large new review of studies published in The Lancet Public Health found that leisure-time physical activity – such as sport, dancing or going to the gym – was linked to a 24% lower risk of dementia. Housework was linked to a 15% lower risk, although this finding came from just one study.
What repeated blows to the head in sport may mean for dementia risk
Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain There is now widespread evidence that years of heading, tackling and collisions in football and rugby could increase the risk of dementia and other neurological diseases. The latest—preliminary research presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in July 2026—examined 142 former professional footballers ages 30–60 and 56 people of a similar age who had no history of contact sports or repeated head impacts.
Can speaking multiple languages really lower dementia risk? It's not that simple
The risk of dementia rises as the brain ages. One reason is that connections between brain cells weaken over time. Diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's and stroke, can speed this up, eventually leading to dementia, a loss of mental abilities and a loss of independence. Scientists can now estimate a person's brain age from brain scans, and compare it with their actual age.
What repeated blows to the head in sport may mean for dementia risk Original
There is now widespread evidence that years of heading, tackling and collisions in football and rugby could increase the risk of dementia and other neurological diseases. The latest – preliminary research presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in July 2026 – examined 142 former professional footballers aged 30 to 60, and 56 people of a similar age who had no history of contact sports or repeated head impacts.
What repeated blows to the head in sport may mean for dementia risk
© 2026 Tolerance.ca ® Inc. All reproduction rights reserved. All information reproduced on the Web pages of www.tolerance.ca (including articles, images, photographs, and logos) is protected by intellectual property rights owned by Tolerance.ca ® Inc. or, in certain cases, by its author. Any reproduction of the information for use other than personal use is prohibited.
Just 3,000 Steps a Day May Help Protect the Brain From Alzheimer’s
A long-term study suggests that modest daily movement may slow Alzheimer’s-related brain changes, even without affecting the amyloid plaques targeted by many treatments. The benefit instead appeared to involve tau buildup, offering a different clue to how physical activity may protect cognition. Credit: Shutterstock Even moderate amounts of walking may help protect brain function and slow changes linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
Can speaking multiple languages really lower dementia risk? It's not that simple
India, July 17 -- The risk of dementia rises as the brain ages. One reason is that connections between brain cells weaken over time. Diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's and stroke, can speed this up, eventually leading to dementia, a loss of mental abilities and a loss of independence. Scientists can now estimate a person's brain age from brain scans, and compare it with their actual age.
Can speaking multiple languages really lower dementia risk? It’s not that simple
By Eef Hogervorst, Professor of Biological Psychology, Loughborough University The risk of dementia rises as the brain ages. One reason is that connections between brain cells weaken over time. Diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer’s and stroke, can speed this up, eventually leading to dementia, a loss of mental abilities and a loss of independence. Scientists can now estimate a person’s brain age from brain scans, and compare it with their actual age.
Can speaking multiple languages really lower dementia risk? It’s not that simple Original
The risk of dementia rises as the brain ages. One reason is that connections between brain cells weaken over time. Diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer’s and stroke, can speed this up, eventually leading to dementia, a loss of mental abilities and a loss of independence. Scientists can now estimate a person’s brain age from brain scans, and compare it with their actual age.
Can speaking multiple languages really lower dementia risk? It’s not that simple
Liberal View 4 hours ago ‘Put Him In A Rubber Room’: Critics Say This Clip Shows Trump’s Brain Turning To ‘Mush’ HuffPost - Ed Mazza • 4h The president seems to think a common word is “fake.” President Donald Trump on Wednesday managed to combine two of his most confusing grievances in one strange aside.
Hidden Alzheimer’s Biomarker Could Change How Doctors Prescribe Hormone Therapy
A new study suggests that an Alzheimer’s disease biomarker may help identify women who are more vulnerable to dementia when using certain hormone therapies. Credit: Shutterstock Researchers found that an Alzheimer’s-related biomarker may influence how hormone therapy affects dementia risk. Hormone therapy is commonly used to ease menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes and night sweats. Whether it affects the risk of dementia has remained a long-running question. A new study offers another clue.
Hay fever, antihistamines and the evidence on dementia risk
Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain For millions of people around the world, pollen season means weeks of sneezing, itchy eyes, and a blocked or runny nose. The timing varies depending on where you live and which plants are in flower, but grass pollen is one of the most common triggers. Hay fever, also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction to airborne pollen. Many people manage their symptoms with antihistamines bought from a pharmacy.
Hay fever, antihistamines and the evidence on dementia risk
For millions of people around the world, pollen season means weeks of sneezing, itchy eyes and a blocked or runny nose. The timing varies depending on where you live and which plants are in flower, but grass pollen is one of the most common triggers. Hay fever, also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction to airborne pollen. Many people manage their symptoms with antihistamines bought from a pharmacy.
Hay fever, antihistamines and the evidence on dementia risk Original
For millions of people around the world, pollen season means weeks of sneezing, itchy eyes and a blocked or runny nose. The timing varies depending on where you live and which plants are in flower, but grass pollen is one of the most common triggers. Hay fever, also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction to airborne pollen. Many people manage their symptoms with antihistamines bought from a pharmacy.
Sommeil, activité physique, alimentation : des améliorations même modestes sont liées à un vieillissement en meilleure santé
[Un article de The Conversation écrit par Eef Hogervorst - Professeur de psychologie biologique, Université de Loughborough] Selon une vaste étude menée au Royaume-Uni, il ne serait pas nécessaire de bouleverser complètement notre mode de vie pour vivre plus longtemps en meilleure santé. C’est une bonne nouvelle, d’autant plus que beaucoup de gens abandonnent vite les bonnes résolutions qu’ils prennent concernant leurs habitudes de vie.
Amélioration, même modeste, du sommeil, de l’activité physique, de l’alimentation et espérance de vie en bonne santé
Une étude qui a porté sur une importante cohorte britannique suggère que de légers changements dans les habitudes de sommeil, d’activité physique et d’alimentation sont associés à un vieillissement en meilleure santé. On fait le point sur ses principaux enseignements, mais aussi sur les limites des résultats qu’elle met en avant. Selon une vaste étude menée au Royaume-Uni, il ne serait pas nécessaire de bouleverser complètement notre mode de vie pour vivre plus longtemps en meilleure santé.
This Mediterranean‑style diet is linked to a slower loss of brain volume as we age
The Mediterranean diet – rich in olive oil, fish, vegetables and legumes – has long been linked to better heart health. Growing evidence suggests it may also help support brain health as we age, with a brain-focused variation of the diet drawing increasing scientific attention. It is called the Mind diet.
This Mediterranean‑style diet could keep your brain sharp as you age
It is called the Mind diet. The name stands for Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay – though what matters more than the acronym is what it actually involves: plenty of green vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts, berries, poultry and fish, with olive oil as the main cooking fat, and limited amounts of red meat, butter, cheese, fried food and sweets.
This Mediterranean‑style diet could keep your brain sharp as you age – new study
The Mediterranean diet – rich in olive oil, fish, vegetables and legumes – has long been linked to better heart health. Growing evidence suggests it may also help support brain health as we age, with a brain-focused variation of the diet drawing increasing scientific attention. It is called the Mind diet.
This Surprising Daily Habit Could Cut Dementia Risk by 35%
A long-term study of over 130,000 adults suggests that moderate caffeine intake—about two to three cups of coffee daily—may be linked to a lower risk of dementia, particularly before age 75. Credit: Stock Two to three cups of coffee a day may help protect against dementia, but more caffeine does not improve—and may reduce—those benefits. Drinking a few cups of coffee each day could do more than boost your energy.
Mediterranean‑style diet could keep your brain sharp as you age
The Mediterranean diet – rich in olive oil, fish, vegetables and legumes – has long been linked to better heart health. Growing evidence suggests it may also help support brain health as we age, with a brain-focused variation of the diet drawing increasing scientific attention. It is called the Mind diet.
How a Mediterranean-style diet could keep your brain sharp as you age
The Mediterranean diet – rich in olive oil, fish, vegetables and legumes – has long been linked to better heart health. Growing evidence suggests it may also help support brain health as we age, with a brain-focused variation of the diet drawing increasing scientific attention. By Eef Hogervorst for The Conversation It is called the Mind diet.
This Mediterranean-style diet could keep your brain sharp as you age – new study
The Mediterranean diet – rich in olive oil, fish, vegetables and legumes – has long been linked to better heart health. Growing evidence suggests it may also help support brain health as we age, with a brain-focused variation of the diet drawing increasing scientific attention. It is called the Mind diet.
This Mediterranean‑style diet could keep your brain sharp as you age – new study
The Mediterranean diet – rich in olive oil, fish, vegetables and legumes – has long been linked to better heart health. Growing evidence suggests it may also help support brain health as we age, with a brain-focused variation of the diet drawing increasing scientific attention. It is called the Mind diet.
Hormone therapy and dementia risk: What a new study says about menopause treatment
Credit: RDNE Stock project from Pexels Hormone therapy is widely used to treat menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. But scientists have long debated whether it affects dementia risk. A new study adds another piece to this puzzle. It suggests that an Alzheimer's biomarker may help identify which women are more vulnerable to dementia with certain hormone therapies. Researchers analyzed blood samples from 2,766 women recruited into a clinical trial in 1996 to 1999.
Hormone therapy and dementia risk: what a new study says about menopause treatment
Hormone therapy is widely used to treat menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats. But scientists have long debated whether it affects dementia risk. A new study adds another piece to this puzzle. It suggests that an Alzheimer's biomarker may help identify which women are more vulnerable to dementia with certain hormone therapies. Researchers analysed blood samples from 2,766 women recruited into a clinical trial in 1996 to 1999.
Hormone therapy and dementia risk: what a new study says about menopause treatment
© 2026 Tolerance.ca ® Inc. All reproduction rights reserved. All information reproduced on the Web pages of www.tolerance.ca (including articles, images, photographs, and logos) is protected by intellectual property rights owned by Tolerance.ca ® Inc. or, in certain cases, by its author. Any reproduction of the information for use other than personal use is prohibited.
Air pollution linked to Alzheimer’s disease
Smoke from bushfires creates high levels of air pollution. Picture: iStock. Air pollution has long been linked to heart and lung disease. But a large US study suggests it may also raise the risk of Alzheimer’s disease – the most common form of dementia. Researchers tracked nearly 28 million older adults over six years nationwide. They found that those exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution were more likely to develop Alzheimer’s.
Credit: CC0 Public Domain Air pollution has long been linked to heart and lung disease. But a large US study suggests it may also raise the risk of Alzheimer's disease—the most common form of dementia. Researchers tracked nearly 28 million older adults over six years nationwide. They found that those exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution were more likely to develop Alzheimer's.
Air pollution may directly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease - new study
© 2026 Tolerance.ca ® Inc. All reproduction rights reserved. All information reproduced on the Web pages of www.tolerance.ca (including articles, images, photographs, and logos) is protected by intellectual property rights owned by Tolerance.ca ® Inc. or, in certain cases, by its author. Any reproduction of the information for use other than personal use is prohibited.
Air pollution may directly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease - new study Original
Air pollution has long been linked to heart and lung disease. But a large US study suggests it may also raise the risk of Alzheimer’s disease – the most common form of dementia. Researchers tracked nearly 28 million older adults over six years nationwide. They found that those exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution were more likely to develop Alzheimer’s.
Your morning coffee might protect your brain as you age. Here's the sweet spot
This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: fact-checked trusted source written by researcher(s) proofread Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain Scientists have found that drinking two to three cups of coffee a day may significantly reduce your risk of developing dementia, but drinking more won't help protect your brain any further.
Your morning coffee might protect your brain as you age - here’s the sweet spot
Scientists have found that drinking two to three cups of coffee a day may significantly reduce your risk of developing dementia, but drinking more won’t help protect your brain any further. A major study tracked 131,821 American nurses and health professionals for up to 43 years, starting when they were in their early 40s. During this time, 11,033 people – around 8% – developed dementia. But those who drank moderate amounts of caffeinated coffee or tea were notably less likely to be among them.
Your Morning Coffee Might Protect Your Brain As You Age - Here's The Sweet Spot
Drinking two to three cups of coffee daily may reduce dementia risk by up to 35 percent Study followed 131,821 US health professionals for up to 43 years to track dementia cases Caffeine protects the brain by blocking adenosine and reducing inflammation Scientists have found that drinking two to three cups of coffee a day may significantly reduce your risk of developing dementia, but drinking more won't help protect your brain any further.
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