Ekaphan Kraichak

1 Introduction Coastal sand dune ecosystems are shaped by recurrent physical disturbances and strong abiotic constraints associated with coastal dynamics, particularly sediment dynamics, wind exposure, and marine-derived salinity (Bermúdez et al. 2024; Ciccarelli and Bona 2022; Hesp 2002; Houle 1997; La Bella et al. 2024; Rivera et al. 2025). These disturbance-driven systems provide critical economic (Richardson and Nicholls 2021; Schlacher et al. 2007; Zhao et al.

1 INTRODUCTION Rising temperatures from climate change are negatively affecting aquaculture, particularly fish hatching and development, through extreme weather events such as heat waves and droughts that damage production (Maulu et al., 2021). The planet has warmed by 1.1°C since the preindustrial era, and scientists warn that it could reach 4°C by 2100 (Jain et al., 2020).

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