Eli Lehrer is president and co-founder of the R Street Institute. A July 10, 2016 photo shows a woman figurine uncovered in Konya, Turkey. Scientists uncovered the rare stone figurine dating back 8,000 years at an archaeological dig at the Catalhoyuk site. (AP Photo/Jason Quinlan, File) Between roughly 7500 and 5600 BCE, thousands of people lived at a settlement called Çatalhöyük in what is now Turkey.