Ellis Zhang

Acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, is among the most prevalent dermatologic conditions worldwide. Though symptoms range in severity, patients can experience painful irritation and scarring that can lead to substantial psychological distress and impact quality of life.

Acne vulgaris is driven by Cutibacterium acnes, sebaceous activity, and innate immune activation, leading to inflammation, scarring, and reduced quality of life. Although standard topical and systemic therapies are effective, their use may be limited by irritation, adverse effects, and antimicrobial resistance.