Felix Barbour

Keywords chloroplast genome dinoflagellate heterotrophy cyclic electron flow photosynthesis coral symbiont Symbiodinium Introduction How photosynthetic chloroplasts originated by endosymbiosis has been studied in great detail.1,2 The loss of photosynthesis has occurred many times across the eukaryotic tree of life, in multicellular organisms as well as unicellular ones, but the process of loss is less well understood than chloroplast gain.3 In some cases, such as the plant Epifagus virginiana...

Abstract Researchers have argued that wealthy nations rely on a large net appropriation of labour and resources from the rest of the world through unequal exchange in international trade and global commodity chains. Here we assess this empirically by measuring flows of embodied labour in the world economy from 1995–2021, accounting for skill levels, sectors and wages.