1 Introduction Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacter cloacae has emerged as a major concern in the modern healthcare system worldwide. It is an important Gram-negative oppurtunistic pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections, such as septicemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections. It exhibits remarkable genetic flexibility, allowing resistance determinants to be acquired and spread by plasmids, transposons, and integrons.