Guochao Yan

Arsenic (As) is widely distributed in the nature and exists in the earth's crust, soil, seawater, river water, atmosphere, food and tissues of various organisms [1], [2]. As in the environment can be categorized into organic and inorganic As, with inorganic As being substantially more toxic than organic As, and As(III) being the most toxic of all forms. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), As ranks first on the list of hazardous substances [2].

1. Introduction RM is a solid industrial waste discharged in large quantities by alumina plants after treating bauxite with alkali to extract alumina. For every 1 t of alumina produced, about 0.8 to 1.5 t of RM is discharged []. At present, the world’s alumina is mainly produced through the Bayer method, accounting for more than 90% of the production, which has led to the global stock of RM reaching 4.6 billion tons, and China’s alumina production accounted for about 55% of the global production.

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Gang Li 1, Guochao Yan 1,*, Shaoqi Kong 1,*, Xuyang Bai 1, Chaofei Du 2, Jiajun Li 1 and Jiawei Zhang 1 1 College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Appl. Sci.