Gürcan Atakök

This version is not peer-reviewed. Submitted: 11 November 2025 You are already at the latest version Composite materials are preferred in many industrial fields due to their superior prop-erties such as high mechanical strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and long service life. These materials play a critical role especially in the marine and renewable energy sectors. However, despite these advantages, composites are not completely im-mune to environmental conditions.

1. Introduction The refrigeration process plays a vital role in modern life, but its significant energy consumption (20% globally) raises critical environmental concerns [1,2]. These concerns include ozone depletion and the global warming caused by the use of harmful refrigerants. Therefore, a critical challenge lies in the development and implementation of environmentally friendly refrigeration systems.