Gyeong Mee Yoon

Abstract Protein-level cellular dynamics, including multimerization, play a crucial role in rapid adaptation of plants during developmental transitions and environmental stresses. The gaseous hormone ethylene is a key regulator of these rapid cellular adjustments, especially in growth inhibition. During soil emergence, etiolated seedlings undergo crucial morphological changes to their apical hooks and hypocotyls, with ethylene inhibiting hypocotyl axial elongation while promoting radial expansion.

INTRODUCTION Cellular signaling pathways allow organisms to translate developmental and environmental cues into coordinated growth and stress response programs essential for survival.[1, 2] Precise spatial and temporal control of signaling components is a major mechanism that facilitates cellular communication, thus coordinating biochemical and physiological responses across tissues and organs.

Highlights • The genome of Guyanagaster necrorhizus shows it is a white-rotting decomposer • N2-fixing bacteria increase the nitrogen content of its sporocarp tissue • The sporocarp environment is likely anaerobic to protect the nitrogenase enzyme Summary Nitrogen (N) fixation is a driving force for the formation of symbiotic associations between N2-fixing bacteria and eukaryotes. Limited examples of these associations are known in fungi, and none with sexual structures of non-lichenized species.