İlker Emin Dağ

1 Introduction Biodegradable medical implants are defined as devices or tissues employed according to the physiological state of the body, designed to undergo safe biodegradation following the recovery phase within the body.[1, 2] The utilization of biodegradable implants can mitigate complications associated with permanent implants after long-term implantation.

3.1. Characterization of Bulk Samples Prepared via SPS XRD results of the milled powders and spark-plasma-sintered samples produced from different milling times are presented in Figure 1. As can be observed, the un-milled powder mixture’s XRD pattern, used as a reference, exhibits all of the expected Bragg peaks for the initial elements (Ti, Cr, and C). Nine Bragg peaks are visible in the Ti phase, and the remaining peaks belong to both the Cr and C phases.

1. Introduction In orthodontic treatment, relapse is defined as the return of the teeth to their initial positions or their positions failure result of the treatment [1]. Riedel defined retention as: “Retaining the teeth in an ideal aesthetic and functional position” [2]. Retention, in orthodontics, is defined as the treatment that allows teeth to stay in their proper positions after the treatment is finished and creates the last stage of orthodontic treatment [3].