Articles by Ishika Garg
Extracellular polymeric substances from psychrophiles regulate ice crystal growth and thermal hysteresis to enhance frost resistance
Abstract Freeze-thaw cycles pose a significant threat to geotechnical stability, causing frost heave and permafrost degradation. Traditional chemical and mechanical mitigation methods are often costly and environmentally unsustainable, prompting interest in nature-inspired solutions. In this study, we investigate the cryoprotective potential of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the psychrophilic bacterium Polaromonas hydrogenivorans.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Dentistry: An Umbrella Review
I.Garg, S.Gupta, and S.Gupta, “Role of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Dentistry: An Umbrella Review,” International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry (2026): 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.70084. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
Prompt Engineering
In a world where AI is shaping everything from content creation to complex problem-solving, the secret sauce of achieving greater success is prompt engineering. Let’s dive into what it is and how to use it. Prompts mean detailed sets of guidelines or text used to provide context to machine learning models. Engineering means developing a task-specific prompt effectively. Prompt engineering means writing prompts that guide a large language model (LLM) to produce a desired output.
Vector Database
In the world of databases, we're all familiar with traditional databases like RDBMS. But have you heard about vector databases? Unlike RDBMS, which provides exact matches based on specific conditions, a vector database finds the most similar items based on their semantic or contextual meaning. Let's explore vector databases, as they are incredibly important if you're working with machine learning.
LLM Models
LLMs are a category of foundation models trained on large amounts of data (such as books, articles, etc.), enabling them to understand and generate natural language for a wide range of tasks. LLMs provide various language-related applications such as text generation, translation, summarization, question-answering, and more.
Foundation Model
FOUNDATION MODEL is a versatile machine learning model that has been pre-trained on a vast amount of unlabelled, and self-supervised data. This model can be adapted and can be fine-tuned for a wide variety of applications and tasks, giving it significant generality and adaptability. Several Types of Foundation Models include - Language Models - 2. Vision Models - 3. Multi-modal Models - 4. Speech Models - 5. Generative Models - 6. Graph Models - Finally Hopefully, you enjoyed reading it.
Transformers
We're exploring the realm of Deep Learning, focusing on the pivotal role that " transformers " play in driving advancements in AI, rather than referring to the fictional robots of cinema fame. Transformer was first proposed in 2017 paper called " Attention is All You Need " by researchers at Google and the University of Toronto.
Despite existing laws, why do persons with disabilities still fight for basic rights? Dr Seema Lal and Suchitra Narayan
In a recent case [Seema Girija Lal v. Union of India], the Supreme Court noted the poor implementation of the provisions of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 by states and union territories and directed them to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Act. The Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has been ordered to coordinate with all state governments and UT administrations and submit a status report to the Court before the next hearing.
Redefining Resolution in Data Disputes: Why Arbitration Holds the Key
In our data-centric economy, disputes related to the safeguarding, access and use of data are on the rise. That Microsoft has ‘stashed’ almost half a billion dollars in anticipation of a potential regulatory fine for allegations of dodgy data processing practices at its unit, LinkedIn, indicates that with big data comes bigger disputes.
A Liberal Guide to Content Regulation on Social Media
How social media platforms provide a forum to foster political liberty and are hence useful from the liberal standpoint are demonstrated. In order to ensure that they continue to act as platforms that serve to enrich liberal goals, regulation of the content posted on social media platforms is a responsibility that must be bestowed upon the right actors.
The Telecom Bill’s internet shutdown switch: A road to excessive delegation?
Year after year, India continues to retain its position of the internet shutdown capital of the world. Internet shutdowns are broadly understood as the disruption of broadband or mobile-based internet access in a given geographic area as a result of a government directive. While these shutdowns are put in place to address some ‘harm’ that is facilitated by the internet, there is no rulebook in place for instances in which they can be ordered.
The Tale Of Separation Of Powers; Appointment of Election Commission
The Judgement: The Whys And Hows Of The Unanimous Verdict The judgement came in the wake of four writ petitions questioning the effect of Article 324, asking for a fair, just, and transparent process of appointing one of the most important institutions of our democracy, and other adjoining matters concerning funds and secretariats. The prayers in these petitions also rely on the multiple reports of the Law Commission of India and several specialised committees.
How can I create a water source, such as a birdbath or small pond, to further encourage wildlife to visit my garden?
Discussion Starter · #1 · 32 m ago I'm interested in creating a backyard wildlife garden to attract birds, butterflies, and other beneficial insects. What are some important things to consider when designing a wildlife garden, such as choosing plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife and avoiding the use of pesticides? What are some native plant species that are particularly attractive to wildlife in my region?
The sinking of Joshimath — an administrative enquiry – The Leaflet
Administrative action seeks legitimacy for its justification, and we as citizens grant it the same. However, a closely connected element to legitimacy is the accountability of the organs of the democracy, both the executive and the judiciary. While the executive must answer for its actions, the judiciary needs to balance the interests of the citizens and the State machinery. —- What are the raging protests in Joshimath about?
Forgotten people
With over 10 crore people with disabilities in India, the government must consider accessibility as a prerequisite for inclusion Representational image Shutterstock | Published 20.04.22, 12:19 AM It’s 2016: a momentous year in the history of the disability rights movement in India. Parliament has passed the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, which aims to further accessibility, equality of opportunity and dignity for PwD. Six years have passed since; but where lies accessibility?
Only one woman in marriage bill panel deplorable. Don't repeat history of underrepresentation
Representational image of Opposition benches in the Lok Sabha | Photo: ANI Recently, the Narendra Modi government decided to raise the legal age of marriage of women from 18 to 21 years. The Union Cabinet cleared the proposal and a Bill to amend the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, was introduced in Parliament. The Bill is likely to be passed when Parliament reconvenes next year.
Aadhaar-voter ID link: Path to a ‘Delhi Analytica’, 'Mumbai Analytica’?
The Lok Sabha has passed the bill to amend the Representation of People Act, 1951. The bill provides for the linking of voter IDs with Aadhaar cards, ostensibly on a voluntary basis. Earlier, in 2015, the Electoral Commission of India (ECI) had managed to link the Aadhaar numbers of nearly 38 crore voters, before the Supreme Court put a stop to the exercise.
Why quota for women judges in judiciary won't help
The almost “Women of the world unite. You have nothing to lose but your chains!” call by the Chief Justice of India N V Ramana has left an impression on everyone’s mind. Diversity in public institutions arguably sensitises them to the needs of diverse communities, and enhances social dialogue. Even so, any serious discussion of judicial quotas has been absent. The 1995 UN World Conference on Women drew a clear link between gender equity and democracy.
Questioning the Standard of Judicial Review in the Maratha Reservation Judgement
– Ishika Garg Introduction The Supreme Court struck down the Maharashtra State Reservation (of seats in educational institutions in the state and for appointments in public service and posts under the state) for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (Hereinafter, “SEBC”) Reservation Act, 2018 in the case ofDr Jaishri Laxmanrao Patil v. the Chief Minister (Hereinafter, “Patil”). In 2017, the ruling government constituted a 11-member commission under the chairmanship of Retired Justice M. G.
The Birth of the Texas Abortion Law: Analysing its Legality and Implications
A series of reports published by Washington-based think tanks populated by former government officials as well as prominent United States scholars has revived debate about American foreign policy, particularly in the Middle East, and the assumptions that underlie it. The debate took on a new sense of urgency as the Taliban took control of Afghanistan just weeks after the withdrawal of US and NATO forces.
A New Lease Of Life: The Need For Reforms In India's Organ Donation Laws
Organ donation refers to the act of donating one's organs such as the heart, liver, etc. to transplant them into another person who requires them. There are two types of organ donation - Living Donor Organ Donation [Hereinafter, "LDOD"] and Deceased Donor Organ Donation [Hereinafter, "DDOD"]. In the former, a person can donate one of his kidneys or a part of his liver, without affecting his kidney or liver function. The latter is broader in scope and allows the donor to give up multiple organs.
J&K delimitation: Gerrymandering to the extreme
Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of Lok Sabha and Assembly seats to represent changes in population. While this exercise will be conducted post-2026 for the rest of India, it has recently begun in Jammu and Kashmir and is set to be completed in 2022. In this context, there are several concerns that need to be addressed. All of these apprehensions flow from one word -- gerrymandering.
UK’s ‘Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill’: Analyzing the Future of Protests
Ishika Garg, a student at the National Academy of Legal Studies and Research, Hyderabad, India, analyses certain provisions of the UK's Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill from a human rights perspective... Recently, British MPs voted in favor of the contentious policing bill which will significantly broaden the scope of police powers to clamp down on non-violent protests.
From panopticon to Pegasus, how ideas about surveillance have evolved
Updated: July 28, 2021 7:25:14 pm Pegasus too is a by-product of the advancing technology and seriously intrudes upon one’s private affairs. (File Photo) Written by Ishika Garg There is uproar following the revelations of the Pegasus Project, but surveillance as a method of control has existed since Jeremy Bentham’s age. How it evolved into its current digital form and what the future could look like are questions that need greater discussion.
UP's Draft Population Bill Legally Violates Privacy & Socially Alienates Muslims
In yet another ill-thought out and immature move, the Yogi Adityanath government in Uttar Pradesh has churned out the draft Uttar Pradesh Population (Control, Stabilisation and Welfare) Bill, 2021. The entire premise of the Bill is captured in the words of the Bill which read as below: "In Uttar Pradesh, there are limited ecological and economic resources at hand.
Is a Law Enough to Stop Corporal Punishment in Schools?
Students should be able to stand up to abusive teachers, and teachers should be equipped with the right tools to manage their classes. The law can deter corporal punishment, but to end this form of abuse, society needs to invest in educational institutions and courts need to consistently punish wrongdoers, writes ISHIKA GARG.
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