Ivelina Nikolova

Key takeaways: Geopolitical tensions have severely disrupted Gulf steel supply chains, with shipping through the Strait of Hormuz and access to Jebel Ali port curtailed, driving freight costs sharply higher and limiting billet availability. Shortages and rising logistics costs have pushed UAE rebar prices higher, while alternative ports and regional suppliers cannot fully replace lost Asian and Iranian supply, keeping the market tight.

Demand for low-carbon and fully traceable steel in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is rising as regulators tighten standards and developers pay more attention to the effects of carbon, Arabian Gulf Steel Industries (AGSI)’s chief executive officer Asam Hussain told Fastmarkets on Monday November 17.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description aab70007-sup-0001-FigureS1.tifTIFF image, 1.1 MB Figure S1. Meteorological characteristics for the region of Pleven. REFERENCES , , & (1983). Ultrastructural studies on green bug (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding damage to susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 71, 964–971. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.6.964 , , , , , & (2015).