J. Scott MacIvor

1 Introduction The practice of crop production on green roofs has been gaining popularity to facilitate agricultural sustainability in urban areas (Walters and Stoelzle Midden 2018). The most common type of green roof is ‘extensive’, which is categorised by shallow, coarse substrates and requires minimal irrigation and maintenance (MacIvor and Lundholm 2011), and can easily be implemented onto new and existing structures.

INTRODUCTION Pollination services contribute to urban green spaces by maintaining ecosystem functioning in remnant habitat (Hung et al., 2017) and delivering cultural, economic and educational ecosystem services to designed spaces, such as community gardens, public parks and private lawns (Langellotto et al., 2018; Turo & Gardiner, 2019). In turn, urban landscapes can act as pollinator reservoirs (Baldock et al., 2019).

INTRODUCTION Urban green spaces have become increasingly recognized in their role towards conservation (Aronson et al., 2017). Although these green spaces are subjected to anthropogenic pressures at levels beyond their less urban counterparts (Knapp et al., 2013; McDonnell & Pickett, 1990; Rebele, 1994), they also provide opportunities to create analogs of habitats disappearing from their historical ranges (Gentili et al., 2024; Ives et al., 2016; Kowarik, 2011; Lundholm & Richardson, 2010).