Jade Bruxaux

Introduction Life-history traits, demographic events and selection shape the amount and distribution of genetic diversity across a species range (Ellegren & Galtier, 2016). Wind-pollinated outcrossing species are generally expected to have higher genetic diversity and weaker genetic structure compared with inbreeding species.

Abstract Scots pine is the foundation species of diverse forested ecosystems across Eurasia and displays remarkable ecological breadth, occurring in environments ranging from temperate rainforests to arid tundra margins. Such expansive distributions can be favored by various demographic and adaptive processes and the interaction between them.

1 INTRODUCTION The way in which populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental issue in biology. Domestication is widely used as a model for understanding adaptation as it corresponds to a recent adaptation process caused by strong, human-driven selection (Darwin, 1859, 1868). Humans have grown and bred various organisms, choosing individuals with the most interesting features for their particular uses or for consumption.