Jason Cox

Radoslav Pashamov (C) was a farm worker employed by D2, who suffered serious injuries when he was struck by D1’s car while crossing a road. D2 provided a bus service to ferry employees back from various fields to their lodgings (also owned by D2) and C was on his way home on that bus but left it to tell employees on the other side of the road that their bus had arrived and they should get on.

RAF, a core signaling component of the MAPK kinase cascade, is often mutated in various cancers, including melanoma, lung, and colorectal cancers. The approved inhibitors were focused on targeting the BRAFV600E mutation that results in constitutive activation of kinase signaling through the monomeric protein (Class I). However, these inhibitors also paradoxically activate kinase signaling of RAF dimers, resulting in increased MAPK signaling in normal tissues.

RAF, a core signaling component of the MAPK kinase cascade, is often mutated in various cancers, including melanoma, lung, and colorectal cancers. The approved inhibitors were focused on targeting the BRAFV600E mutation that results in constitutive activation of kinase signaling through the monomeric protein (Class I). However, these inhibitors also paradoxically activate kinase signaling of RAF dimers, resulting in increased MAPK signaling in normal tissues.