Keywords Humans, Aged, United States, Medicare, Health Expenditures, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Retrospective Studies, Peritoneal Dialysis, Renal Dialysis, clinical epidemiology, dialysis, economic analysis, peritoneal dialysis, United States, health expenditures Abstract Background: Observations that peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be an effective, lower-cost alternative to hemodialysis for the treatment of ESKD have led to policies encouraging PD and subsequent increases in its use in the United...