1 Introduction Disinfection of public drinking water via chlorination or chloramination is an extremely important public health intervention, yet these widely used approaches produce unintended chemical disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Some epidemiologic studies in humans (Wright et al. 2017; Kaufman et al. 2018, 2020, 2024; Chisholm et al. 2008; Hwang et al. 2008; Nieuwenhuijsen et al. 2008, 2009) and toxicologic studies in animal models (Plewa et al. 2010; Narotsky et al. 2025, 2011; Hunter 3rd et al.