Joo Hee Lee

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1 INTRODUCTION The appearance of wrinkles is one of the typical signs of the aging process. Skin aging is caused by the loss of hyaluronic acid (HA), subcutaneous adipose tissue, collagen, and elastic fibers over time. HA is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating polymeric disaccharides of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by inclusions of aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn). Oxidative stress plays a critical role in nigrostriatal degeneration and is responsible for α-Syn aggregation in PD. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid acts as an effective antioxidant to prevent free radical damage.