JoonOh Seo

Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Data Availability Statement Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Ajou University research fund. Author Contributions Jaehyun Yoo: Data curation; Formal analysis; Writing – original draft.

Introduction The lower back is essential to humans, as it is the core of the trunk and the pivot to provide an anchor for most of the daily activities. The work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the lower back are precursors of operational injury (Briggs et al. 2009), and WMSDs are prevalent among construction workers (Mudiyanselage et al. 2021).

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Ting-Ting Ji 1, Hsi-Hsien Wei 1,*, Yi Sun 1, JoonOh Seo 1 and Jieh-Haur Chen 2 1 Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong 2 Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.