1 INTRODUCTION The Arctic is warming at four times the rate of the rest of the planet (Rantanen et al., 2022), causing widespread ecological change with far-reaching consequences for climate feedbacks, wildlife and Indigenous communities (Chapin et al., 2005; Downing & Cuerrier, 2011; Myers-Smith et al., 2019; Tape et al., 2016). Arctic vegetation change can influence biodiversity and atmospheric fluxes (Myers-Smith et al., 2020).