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Abstract In cancer and chronic infection, CD8 T cell exhaustion is hallmarked by expression of inhibitory receptors such as PD1, TIM3, LAG3 and others1,2,3. Thus, inhibitory molecule focus has been limited to cell-surface proteins. Here we evaluate the surface lipid metabolite phosphatidylserine (PS) as a regulator of exhaustion. PS primarily localizes to the inner plasma membrane of live cells but is well known to be externalized to the outer membrane during cell death.
Abstract This study examines the origin and differentiation of stem-like CD8+ T cells that are essential for sustained T cell immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer and also play a key role in PD-1 directed immunotherapy1-10. These PD-1+ TCF-1+ TOX+ stem-like CD8+ T cells, also referred to as precursors of exhausted T cells8,9, have a distinct program that allows them to adapt to chronic antigen stimulation.
West, E. E. et al. PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 2604–2615 (2013). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Pol, J. G., Caudana, P., Paillet, J., Piaggio, E. & Kroemer, G. Effects of interleukin-2 in immunostimulation and immunosuppression. J. Exp. Med. 217, e20191247 (2019). Article PubMed Central Google Scholar Overwijk, W. W., Tagliaferri, M. A. & Zalevsky, J. Engineering IL-2 to give new life to T cell immunotherapy. Annu. Rev. Med.
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