jun hang

Abstract Immune imprinting, in which prior antigenic exposures biases recall toward dominant epitopes, constrains the breadth and durability of influenza vaccine protection. Here we show that targeted variation across multiple hemagglutinin (HA) head sites (A, B, and D) between sequential A(H3N2) vaccines reprograms epitope hierarchy—redirecting recall toward conserved, subdominant head and stem epitopes.

Introduction Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease in children caused by several human enteroviruses (EV) (Xing et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2023). Enteroviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus. Since 1999, human EVs have been divided into four species of EVs: EV-A (25 serotypes), EV-B (63 serotypes), EV-C (23 serotypes), and EV-D (5 serotypes) based on their biological and genetic characteristics (Solomon et al., 2010).

Jun Hang, Roland Weber, and Simona Balan 12 Jan 2021 Image by Katja Just from Pixabay Many millennia from now, when humans are long vanished from the Earth, intergalactic travelers visiting our planet may wonder about this world’s ancient inhabitants and their civilizations. One clue these visitors will be able to use in their investigations will be the presence of a class of manmade chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).