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Articles by Justine Davies
Global Temporal Trends in Incidence of Major Lower Limb Amputations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
aDepartment of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK bLewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK cGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK dKings College London, London, UK eGwent Vascular Institute, Royal Gwent Hospital, South East Wales Vascular Network, UK fImperial College NHS Trust, London, UK gNHS Tayside, Scotland, UK hSouth East Wales Vascular Network, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK iSchool of Medicine,...
National evidence on glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes from 62 low- and middle-income countries - Nature Communications
Abstract Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Yet, it remains unknown which glucose-lowering medication types people with diabetes across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use. In this cross-sectional analysis, we pooled nationally representative data of 223,283 adults aged ≥25 years in 62 LMICs from 2009 to 2019. We found that 51.9% [95%-CI: 49.6%, 54.2%] of 21,715 individuals with diabetes were undiagnosed.
For people living in extreme poverty, heart disease risk factors more common than thought
You've successfully added to your alerts. You will receive an email when new content is published. Click Here to Manage Email Alerts We were unable to process your request. Please try again later. If you continue to have this issue please contact customerservice@slackinc.com. Key takeaways: Prevalence of heart disease risk factors ranged from 1.4% to 17.5% in people living in extreme poverty. The prevalence is greater than previously believed and may be due to more consumption of unhealthy foods.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults living in extreme poverty - Nature Human Behaviour
Abstract Evidence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor prevalence among adults living below the World Bank’s international line for extreme poverty (those with income <$1.90 per day) globally is sparse.
Enhancing global access to diabetes medicines: policy lessons from the HIV response
One of the biggest global health success stories is the response to the HIV pandemic over the past three decades. Scientists, clinicians, activists, policy makers, and pharmaceutical companies turned a deadly disease into a treatable disease by ensuring near-universal access to antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). The introduction and dissemination of ART averted an estimated 25 million deaths between 1996 and 2022.
Quasi-experimental evaluation of a nationwide diabetes prevention programme - Nature
Abstract Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and cost of illness1,2. Health behaviours, particularly those related to nutrition and physical activity, play a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus3.
Improving health outcomes of people with diabetes: target setting for the WHO Global Diabetes Compact
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Prevalence and risk factors of lower extremity disease in high risk groups in Malawi: a stratified cross-sectional study
Abstract Objective: Low/middle-income countries face a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular diseases. However, among cardiovascular diseases, burden of and associations with lower extremity disease (LED) (peripheral arterial disease and/or neuropathy) is neglected.
Burden of mortality linked to community-nominated priorities in rural South Africa
Abstract Background: Community knowledge is a critical input for relevant health programmes and strategies. How community perceptions of risk reflect the burden of mortality is poorly understood. Objective: To determine the burden of mortality reflecting community-nominated health risk factors in rural South Africa, where a complex health transition is underway.
Africa: Diabetes Targets Would Cost More but the Impact Would Be Worth It - Here's How
analysis By David Flood, Jennifer Manne-Goehler|| Justine Ina Davies and Sanjay Basu Setting global health targets, which is often done by multinational organisations, such as the United Nations or World Health Organisation (WHO), is commonly used to improve health outcomes. For example, the United Nations target to improve access to treatment for HIV has resulted in many more people receiving the treatment that they need, which has saved lives.
Diabetes targets would cost more but the impact would be worth it: here's how
Setting global health targets, which is often done by multinational organisations, such as the United Nations or World Health Organisation (WHO), is commonly used to improve health outcomes. For example, the United Nations target to improve access to treatment for HIV has resulted in many more people receiving the treatment that they need, which has saved lives. Now, the WHO Diabetes Compact to support people living with diabetes is under development.
More diabetes treatment adds life years, reduces costs in low, middle-income nations
September 23, 2021 2 min read Source/Disclosures Disclosures: The authors report no relevant financial disclosures. ADD TOPIC TO EMAIL ALERTS Receive an email when new articles are posted on Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . We were unable to process your request. Please try again later. If you continue to have this issue please contact customerservice@slackinc.com.
Economic burden of road traffic injuries in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of existing literature
Economic burden of road traffic injuries in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of existing literature http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-2803Marcella Farrelle Dorothea Ryan-Coker1,2, Justine Davies3, Giulia Rinaldi4, Marie Hasselberg5, Dennis H Marke1, Marco Necchi1, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-2944Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli2 1Emergency Hospital, Goderich Surgical Centre, Freetown, Sierra Leone 2Institute for Global Health, University College London, Faculty of Population Health...
Global surgery, obstetric, and anaesthesia indicator definitions and reporting: An Utstein consensus report
Loading metrics Justine I. Davies , Adrian W. Gelb , Julian Gore-Booth , Janet Martin , Jannicke Mellin-Olsen , Christina Åkerman, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Bruce M. Biccard, Geir Sverre Braut, Kathryn M. Chu, Miliard Derbew, Hege Langli Ersdal, Jose Miguel Guzman, Lars Hagander, Carolina Haylock-Loor, Hampus Holmer, Walter Johnson, Sabrina Juran, Nicolas J. Kassebaum, Tore Laerdal, Andrew J. M. Leather, Michael S. Lipnick, David Ljungman, Emmanuel M. Makasa, John G. Meara, Mark W.
Developing and evaluating a frailty index for older South Africans-findings from the HAALSI study
Abstract Background: despite rapid population ageing, few studies have investigated frailty in older people in sub-Saharan Africa. We tested a cumulative deficit frailty index in a population of older people from rural South Africa. Methods: analysis of cross-sectional data from the Health and Ageing in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of an INDEPTH Community (HAALSI) study.
How changing blood pressure targets in South Africa could save costs and lives
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a serious public health threat globally. If uncontrolled it substantially increases the risk of disability and death from stroke, heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions. It’s also a huge problem in South Africa – an estimated 35% of people in the country older than 15 have high blood pressure. This is expected to increase as the country’s population rapidly ages over the coming decades.
How changing blood pressure targets in South Africa could save costs and lives
Africa The level is determined from information collected in the United Kingdom or United States which have very different living conditions By Nikkil Sudharsanan, Justine Ina Davies Published: Tuesday 09 February 2021 High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a serious public health threat globally. If uncontrolled it substantially increases the risk of disability and death from stroke, heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions.
South Africa: How Changing Blood Pressure Targets in South Africa Could Save Costs and Lives
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a serious public health threat globally. If uncontrolled it substantially increases the risk of disability and death from stroke, heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions. It's also a huge problem in South Africa - an estimated 35% of people in the country older than 15 have high blood pressure. This is expected to increase as the country's population rapidly ages over the coming decades.
How changing blood pressure targets in South Africa could save costs and lives
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a serious public health threat globally. If uncontrolled it substantially increases the risk of disability and death from stroke, heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions. It’s also a huge problem in South Africa – an estimated 35% of people in the country older than 15 have high blood pressure. This is expected to increase as the country’s population rapidly ages over the coming decades.
Association between country preparedness indicators and quality clinical care for cardiovascular disease risk factors in 44 lower- and middle-income countries: A multicountry analysis of survey data
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Justine I. Davies , Sumithra Krishnamurthy Reddiar, Lisa R. Hirschhorn, Cara Ebert, Maja-Emilia Marcus, Jacqueline A. Seiglie, Zhaxybay Zhumadilov, Adil Supiyev, Lela Sturua, Bahendeka K. Silver, Abla M. Sibai, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Bolormaa Norov, Joseph K. Mwangi, Omar Mwalim Omar, Roy Wong-McClure, Mary T. Mayige, Joao S. Martins, Nuno Lunet, Demetre Labadarios, Khem B. Karki, Gibson B. Kagaruki, Jutta M. A. Jorgensen, Nahla C.
Why Sierra Leone needs to focus on cardiovascular health
Cardiovascular risk factors are high in Sierra Leone. Credit: Steven Rubin Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, are major causes of death and disability globally. Noncommunicable diseases such as these arise mainly from lifestyle transitions towards a high-calorie diet and low-activity living. These conditions were previously regarded as a problem for high-income countries. But low- and middle-income countries have followed the same trend.
Sierra Leone: Why Sierra Leone Needs to Focus On Cardiovascular Health
Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, are major causes of death and disability globally. Noncommunicable diseases such as these arise mainly from lifestyle transitions towards a high-calorie diet and low-activity living. These conditions were previously regarded as a problem for high-income countries. But low- and middle-income countries have followed the same trend.
Why Sierra Leone needs to focus on cardiovascular health
Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, are major causes of death and disability globally. Noncommunicable diseases such as these arise mainly from lifestyle transitions towards a high-calorie diet and low-activity living. These conditions were previously regarded as a problem for high-income countries. But low- and middle-income countries have followed the same trend.
Oxygen availability in sub-Saharan African countries: a call for data to inform service delivery
Oxygen is central to the management of patients admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19. 1 WHO Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected: interim guidance, 13 March 2020. Furthermore, the availability of oxygen therapy is just as important for the management of other patients who are acutely ill.
Why people don’t get emergency medical care in time
Your Name: Your Email: Send Email To: Keep this field blank Dangerous delays in accessing emergency medical care is costing more and more lives. Justine Ina Davies 19 Jul 2020 00:13 Queue of seated outpatients, waiting patiently inside a provincial hospital corridor in Port Elizabeth. Shutterstock Many medical conditions, such as serious injuries, sepsis and heart attacks, need high quality emergency care quickly – or the patient may die.
Why people don't get emergency medical care in time: A study in South Africa
Queue of seated outpatients, waiting patiently inside Provincial Hospital corridor in Port Elizabeth. Credit: Shutterstock Many medical conditions, such as serious injuries, sepsis and heart attacks, need high quality emergency care quickly—or the patient may die. These time-critical conditions cause around half of all deaths worldwide, it's been estimated, and they are more common in countries with lower incomes.
a study in South Africa
Many medical conditions, such as serious injuries, sepsis and heart attacks, need high quality emergency care quickly – or the patient may die. These time-critical conditions cause around half of all deaths worldwide, it’s been estimated, and they are more common in countries with lower incomes. Dangerous delays may happen at three points: the patient deciding to seek care, reaching a healthcare facility, or receiving quality care at that facility.
Africa: A New Global Health Pattern - Longer Life for the Poor, With More Ailments
With ageing come many benefits, including freedom, wisdom, perspective, and - in many cultures - respect. Unfortunately, the downside is that ageing also brings medical ailments. Many people in wealthy countries have multiple co-existing, chronic conditions. This is known as multimorbidity. In 2016, chronic conditions accounted for over two-thirds of deaths worldwide. Many of these people had more than one condition. The number of medical conditions that people accrue increases with age.
Global health is changing as people in low income countries live longer but with more ailments
With aging come many benefits, including freedom, wisdom, perspective, and—in many cultures—respect. Unfortunately, the downside is that aging also brings medical ailments. Many people in wealthy countries have multiple co-existing, chronic conditions. This is known as multi-morbidity. In 2016, chronic conditions accounted for over two-thirds of deaths worldwide. Many of these people had more than one condition. The number of medical conditions that people accrue increases with age.
A new global health pattern: longer life for the poor, with more ailments
With ageing come many benefits, including freedom, wisdom, perspective, and – in many cultures – respect. Unfortunately, the downside is that ageing also brings medical ailments. Many people in wealthy countries have multiple co-existing, chronic conditions. This is known as multimorbidity. In 2016, chronic conditions accounted for over two-thirds of deaths worldwide. Many of these people had more than one condition. The number of medical conditions that people accrue increases with age.
A new global health pattern: longer life for the poor, with more ailments
With ageing come many benefits, including freedom, wisdom, perspective, and – in many cultures – respect. Unfortunately, the downside is that ageing also brings medical ailments. Many people in wealthy countries have multiple co-existing, chronic conditions. This is known as multimorbidity. In 2016, chronic conditions accounted for over two-thirds of deaths worldwide. Many of these people had more than one condition. The number of medical conditions that people accrue increases with age.
Evaluation of sex differences in dietary behaviours and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative surveys in seven low- and middle-income countries
Research Open Access Open Peer Review Published: 13 January 2020 Briar L. McKenzie ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-66171, Joseph Alvin Santos1, Pascal Geldsetzer2, Justine Davies3,4, Jennifer Manne-Goehler5, Mongal Singh Gurung6, Lela Sturua7, Gladwell Gathecha8, Krishna K. Aryal9, Lindiwe Tsabedze10, Glennis Andall-Brereton11, Till Bärnighausen12,13,14, Rifat Atun12, Sebastian Vollmer15, Mark Woodward1,16,17, Lindsay M.
Ageing, frailty and resilience in Botswana: rapid ageing, rapid change. Findings from a national working group meeting and literature review
Meeting Report Open Access Published: 19 November 2019 Barbara Lachana Onen1,2, Ciara Harris3, Agnieszka Ignatowicz3, Justine Davies3, Michalis Drouvelis4, Andrew Howes5, Oathokwa Nkomazana2, Churchill Lukwiya Onen6, Elizabeth Sapey7, Billy Tsima2 & Daniel Lasserson3 BMC Proceedings volume 13, Article number: 8 (2019) Cite this article Article metrics 77 Accesses 4 Altmetric Metrics details Abstract Background The demography of Botswana is rapidly changing.
Breaking down the silos of Universal Health Coverage: towards systems for the primary prevention of non-communicable diseases in Africa
Breaking down the silos of Universal Health Coverage: towards systems for the primary prevention of non-communicable diseases in Africa Tolu Oni1,2,3, Ebele Mogo1, Aliko Ahmed1,4, Justine I Davies1,2,5,6 1MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Stellenbosch, South Africa 3School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa 4Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge,...
South Africa: Weighing Up the Costs of Treating 'Lifestyle' Diseases in South Africa
analysis By Justine Ina Davies, University of Birmingham and Ryan G Wagner, University of the Witwatersrand Economic growth, accompanied by a fall in infectious diseases over the past two decades, has changed the profile of the biggest threats to the health of people living in low and middle-income countries. At the turn of the century, the greatest threats were posed by infectious diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and HIV.
Weighing up the costs of treating ‘lifestyle’ diseases in South Africa
Form here By: Justine Ina Davies, University of Birmingham and Ryan G Wagner, University of the Witwatersrand Economic growth, accompanied by a fall in infectious diseases over the past two decades, has changed the profile of the biggest threats to the health of people living in low and middle-income countries. At the turn of the century, the greatest threats were posed by infectious diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and HIV.
Weighing up the costs of treating 'lifestyle' diseases in South Africa
Economic growth, accompanied by a fall in infectious diseases over the past two decades, has changed the profile of the biggest threats to the health of people living in low and middle-income countries. At the turn of the century, the greatest threats were posed by infectious diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and HIV. Today, the biggest threats are posed by so-called “diseases of lifestyle”.
What is the minimum number of specialist anaesthetists needed in low-income and middle-income countries?
Summary box What is already known? The report of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery recommended a minimum density of specialist surgeons, anaesthetists and obstetricians of 20 per 100 000 population. The report did not indicate the proportions for each specialty. What are the new findings? What do the new findings imply? Countries should aim for a minimum of four specialist anaesthetists per 100 000 population.
Cross-sectional relationship between haemoglobin concentration and measures of physical and cognitive function in an older rural South African population
In this analysis, we used data from a population-based study of middle-aged and older adults in rural South Africa to address some of these questions. We aimed to investigate: (A) the prevalence of anaemia in middle-aged and older adults, overall and by sex and age group, (B) the associations between haemoglobin concentrations and physical and cognitive function; and (C) the degrees to which these associations may be explained by the presence of comorbid disease.
Collaboration for impact in global health
Many medical research institutes and funders consider only corresponding, first, second, or last authorship as relevant contributions to academic endeavours.1x1Casadevall, A and Fang, FC. Causes for the persistence of impact factor mania. mBio. 2014; 5: e00064–e00114Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (0) | Google ScholarSee all References This necessity potentially increases competition, discourages collaboration, and can lead to secrecy around ideas.2x2McCain, KW.
Geographic and sociodemographic variation of cardiovascular disease risk in India: A cross-sectional study of 797,540 adults
We used 2 large household surveys carried out between 2012 and 2014, which included a sample of 797,540 adults aged 30 to 74 years across India. The main outcome variable was the predicted 10-year risk of a CVD event as calculated with the Framingham risk score. The Harvard–NHANES, Globorisk, and WHO–ISH scores were used in secondary analyses. CVD risk and the prevalence of CVD risk factors were examined by state, rural–urban residence, age, sex, household wealth, and education.
Cross-sectional relationship between haemoglobin concentration and measures of physical and cognitive function in an older rural South African population
In this analysis, we used data from a population-based study of middle-aged and older adults in rural South Africa to address some of these questions. We aimed to investigate: (A) the prevalence of anaemia in middle-aged and older adults, overall and by sex and age group, (B) the associations between haemoglobin concentrations and physical and cognitive function; and (C) the degrees to which these associations may be explained by the presence of comorbid disease.
Developmental origins of health and disease in Africa-influencing early life
It is well established that Africa is undergoing rapid transitions resulting in a triple burden of malnutrition, infectious diseases, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).1x1Atun, R, Davies, JI, Gale, EAM et al. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017; 5: 622–667Summary | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (3) | Google ScholarSee all References, 2x2Jamison, DT, Alwan, A, Mock, CN et al.
Why it's so difficult to tackle diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa | IOL Lifestyle
What do we know about diabetes in Africa? Why is there a concern? About 95% of cases around the world are type 2 diabetes, which is associated with obesity. The impact of diabetes is becoming much greater in poorer countries and regions. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 34 of the world’s 48 least developed countries.
Africa: Why It's So Difficult to Tackle Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa
interview By Justine Davies, King's College LondonIn the 1990s diabetes was seen as a condition that mainly affected rich people in high income countries. Nowadays, it's one of the leading contributors to death in all countries in the world, driven by increases in national and personal wealth resulting in people having more disposable income. In addition, urbanisation has led to more and more people living sedentary lifestyles.
Why it’s so difficult to tackle diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa
Nowadays, it’s one of the leading contributors to death in all countries in the world, driven by increases in national and personal wealth resulting in people having more disposable income. In addition, urbanisation has led to more and more people living sedentary lifestyles. A commission of experts, which was set up in 2014 to tackle the challenge in Africa, have recently released their findings.
Diabetes is on a rapid rise through sub Saharan Africa
In the 1990s diabetes was seen as a condition that mainly affected rich people in high income countries. Nowadays, it’s one of the leading contributors to death in all countries in the world, driven by increases in national and personal wealth resulting in people having more disposable income. In addition, urbanization has led to more and more people living sedentary lifestyles.
Why it's so difficult to tackle diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa
In the 1990s diabetes was seen as a condition that mainly affected rich people in high income countries. Nowadays, it’s one of the leading contributors to death in all countries in the world, driven by increases in national and personal wealth resulting in people having more disposable income. In addition, urbanisation has led to more and more people living sedentary lifestyles.
Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy
1. WHO Global report on diabetes. World Health Organization, Geneva2016 2. Geldsetzer P Barnighausen T Late-stage research for diabetes and related NCDs receives little funding: evidence from the NIH RePORTER tool. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017; 5: 91-92 3. WHO Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a World Health Organization guideline. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014; 103: 341-363 4. World Bank FAQs: global poverty line update. 5.
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