Kamruddin Ahmed

Abstract Cases of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAI) are on the rise. Although mammalian spillover events are rare, H5N1 viruses have an estimated mortality rate in humans of 60%. No human cases of H5 infection have been reported in Malaysian Borneo, but HPAI has circulated in poultry and migratory avian species transiting through the region. Recent deforestation in coastal habitats in Malaysian Borneo may increase the proximity between humans and migratory birds.

Abstract Reported incidence of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi has markedly increased across Southeast Asia and threatens malaria elimination. Nonzoonotic transmission of P. knowlesi has been experimentally demonstrated, but it remains unknown whether nonzoonotic transmission is contributing to increases in P. knowlesi cases. Here, we adapt model-based inference methods to estimate RC, individual case reproductive numbers, for P. knowlesi, P. falciparum and P.

Possible implementation of findings Because the findings of a Delphi study represent expert opinion rather than irrefutable fact,51 this study highlighted the contextual factors we deemed necessary to investigate as factors that influence malaria-prevention behaviour, such as malaria-related knowledge and beliefs, cognitive factors, environmental factors, social support and the affordability and feasibility of various interventions. Given the current lack of specific guidelines to control P.