Karim W. Barake

You are already at the latest version Background/Objectives: Lebanon’s primary healthcare system operates under chronic constraint, fragmented governance, and recurrent shocks, limiting its ability to equitably allocate resources, maintain continuity of care, and adapt to population health needs. While Lebanon’s Vision 2030 prioritizes strengthening primary healthcare, implementation is hindered by weak sensing mechanisms, misaligned spatial distribution, and poorly integrated referral pathways.

Abstract Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a life limiting disease with debilitating symptoms and limited therapeutic options. The development of IPF is a chronic process involving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), perpetuated by fibroblast proliferation and abnormal wound healing during which normal lung tissue is replaced with collagen impairing lung expansion and aeration.