Karunakar Reddy Pothula

Abstract HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) mediate viral entry and are the sole target of neutralizing antibodies. Envs of most primary HIV-1 strains exist in a closed conformation and occasionally sample more open Env states. Thus, current knowledge guides immunogen design to mimic the closed Env conformation as the preferred target for eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to block HIV-1 entry.

Fosfomycin is a frequently prescribed drug in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. It enters the bacterial cytoplasm and inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycans by targeting the MurA enzyme. Despite extensive pharmacological studies and clinical use, the permeability across the bacterial outer membrane of fosfomycin is largely unexplored.