Kathryn E. Barry

1 Introduction Nitrogen deposition and fertilization have caused widespread eutrophication across terrestrial ecosystems, with substantial variation in enrichment rates and duration across regions (Galloway et al. 2003; Penuelas et al. 2020; Peñuelas and Sardans 2022; Stevens et al. 2010). Although elevated nutrient availability can increase primary production (Harpole et al.

Introduction Global change is driving biodiversity change at unprecedented rates (Pörtner et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2023). This biodiversity change is composed not only of species loss at the global scale but also of changes in local-scale species composition (Blowes et al., 2019).

Keywords ecosystem restoration ecosystem functioning abiotic facilitation biotic feedbacks resource partitioning Increased urgency for ecosystem restoration Accelerating changes in land use, climate change, and biodiversity loss are responsible for large-scale ecological degradation [1,2]. These combined pressures compromise ecosystem functioning and the delivery of nature’s contributions to people (NCP) which builds on the ecosystem services concept [3].