Kathryn Lurain

Abstract Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV but does not eliminate the latent viral reservoir, which persists in programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-expressing CD4+ T cells. Anti-PD-1 therapies have reduced the HIV reservoir in people living with HIV (PLWH) and cancer; however, the individuals who benefit and the mechanisms driving reservoir reduction remain unclear.

1 Introduction The human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), as known as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), is associated with a number of malignancies (reviewed in Lurain et al. [1]). These include primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), KSHV-associated large-cell lymphoma (KSHV-LCL), KSHV-associated Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS), KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and Kaposi sarcoma (KS).