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Articles by Katrina Jones
Zygomatic Sialadenitis as a Rare Cause of Exophthalmos in a Dog
1 Introduction Zygomatic sialadenitis, while uncommon, represents a clinically significant cause of orbital disease in dogs that can mimic more common conditions and complicate management [1-3]. The zygomatic salivary gland is ventrolateral to the globe, where it rests on the dorsolateral surface of the medial pterygoid muscle and forms much of the orbital floor [2, 4]. Any change in the size of the gland, secondary to inflammation or infection, can lead to globe displacement.
Biomechanical limits of hopping in the hindlimbs of giant extinct kangaroos - Scientific Reports
Abstract The locomotor abilities of animals depend upon their body size. Today, kangaroos are the largest hopping mammals, but some of their Pleistocene relatives were larger still—more than twice as heavy as any modern kangaroo. So, is there an upper size limit of bipedal hopping? Previous analyses have recovered an upper limit of ~ 140–160 kg based on allometry, but have suggested that incorporating changes in hindlimb scaling patterns among giant species would alter these conclusions.
Repatterning of mammalian backbone regionalization in cetaceans - Nature Communications
Abstract Cetacean reinvasion of the aquatic realm is an iconic ecological transition that led to drastic modifications of the mammalian body plan, especially in the axial skeleton. Relative to the vertebral column of other mammals that is subdivided into numerous anatomical regions, regional boundaries of the cetacean backbone appear obscured.
Ontogenetic changes in shape and growth rate during postnatal development in false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) vertebral column
1 INTRODUCTION Research in cetaceans' skull allometry and ontogeny is advancing (e.g., del Castillo et al., 2017; Galatius et al., 2011); however, sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic allometry—the statistical relationship between shape and size during growth (Klingenberg, 1996)—in the postcranial skeleton for most cetacean species remain overlooked (Marchesi et al., 2021).
Repatterning of mammalian backbone regionalization in cetaceans
Abstract The reinvasion of the aquatic realm by cetaceans is one of the most iconic ecological transitions that led to drastic modifications of the mammalian body plan, especially the axial skeleton. Relative to the vertebral column of other mammals that is subdivided into numerous anatomical regions, regional boundaries of the cetacean backbone appear obscured.
Function of revolute zygapophyses in the lumbar vertebrae of early placental mammals
1 INTRODUCTION Extant mammals can dorsoventrally flex and extend the spine, which facilitates breathing and increases stride length during locomotion (Carrier, 1987; Gambaryan, 1974; Hildebrand, 1959; Schilling & Hackert, 2006). The extent to which the spine bends varies across extant mammals, corresponding to locomotor style and gait, but the evolution of this function has not been explored in the fossil record (Boszczyk et al., 2001; Gambaryan, 1974; Slijper, 1946).
Colorado ranchers raise more than $24K for MCOOL, 50/14
by Katrina Jones, R-CALF USA Field Director BRUSH, Colo. — On Nov. 5, 2021, an enthusiastic crowd gathered at Livestock Exchange LLC in Brush for an R-CALF USA livestock auction fundraiser. R-CALF USA members Harry and Linda Thompson, of Snyder, Colo., donated a steer calf that was auctioned off repeatedly, with all earnings going toward mandatory country of origin labeling (MCOOL) for beef and 50/14 cattle market protection legislation efforts.
Adaptive landscapes challenge the “lateral-to-sagittal” paradigm for mammalian vertebral evolution
Highlights • “Lateral-to-sagittal” paradigm is too simple to explain mammal vertebral evolution • Extant reptiles are a poor functional model for extinct non-mammalian synapsids • Non-mammalian synapsid vertebral joints are characterized by high stiffness • Mammal backbone evolution involved acquisition of multiple vertebral functions Summary The evolution of mammals from their extinct forerunners, the non-mammalian synapsids, is one of the most iconic locomotor transitions in the vertebrate...
Morphology and Biomechanics of the Pinniped Jaw: Mandibular Evolution Without Mastication
ABSTRACT Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) underwent a shift in jaw function away from typical carnivoran mastication to more novel marine behaviors during the terrestrial‐aquatic transition. Here we test the effect of aquatic prey capture and male‐male combat on the morphological evolution of a mammal jaw that does not masticate.
The evolutionary story behind mammals’ bendy backs
How are animal body plans constructed and why are some more diverse or successful than others? In our recent Nature Ecology and Evolution study, we show how developmental and adaptive changes can work together to generate functional diversity in biological structures over geological timescales. Cover Image: Life reconstruction of pelycosaur Dimetrodon, copyright Mark Witton.
Stepwise shifts underlie evolutionary trends in morphological complexity of the mammalian vertebral column
Abstract A fundamental concept in evolutionary biology is that life tends to become more complex through geologic time, but empirical examples of this phenomenon are controversial. One debate is whether increasing complexity is the result of random variations, or if there are evolutionary processes which actively drive its acquisition, and if these processes act uniformly across clades.
Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of the mammalian backbone
Disentangling the processes that lead to the evolution of complex biological structures is one of the major aims of evolutionary biology [1–4]. Integration between separate component parts of anatomical structures has been increasingly recognized as an important determinant of variation on genetic, phenotypic, and evolutionary scales [5–11].
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