Kazuyo Takeda

Abstract Mucosal vaccines delivered intranasally or by inhalation, can elicit localized immunity that protects mucosal tissues at the site of infection and may reduce transmission of respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Many mucosal vaccine candidates incorporate adjuvants to enhance and broaden immune response, underscoring the need for safe and effective formulations targeting the respiratory mucosa.

Interfering with interferon It is unclear why a majority of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection do not respond to treatment with pegylated interferon-α (PEG–IFN-α). To address this, Nishio et al. evaluated longitudinal blood and liver biopsy samples isolated from individuals treated with PEG–IFN-α.

Greenhouse gas emissions in the first decades of the 21st century are likely to affect global sea level for centuries, and limiting long-term sea-level rise might require stringent near-term emission reductions.