Khaya Pearlman

1. Introduction Industrial wastewater, a byproduct of virtually all manufacturing processes, often contains chemical contaminants and reagents, leading to significant environmental pollution and adverse effects on human health when discharged untreated into surface water bodies [,].

1. Introduction Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are intricate systems that blend biological and electrochemical processes simultaneously, posing challenges when it comes to optimizing their performance [1]. Employing statistical experimental design techniques to fine-tune MFC operating conditions holds the promise of yielding more precise responses in line with the desired objectives [1].