Kumar Pichumani

Introduction Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), previously known as diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are midline malignant brain tumors with poor prognosis and inadequate treatment options (1). They occur most commonly in children between the ages of 6 and 8 years, constituting nearly 50% of all high-grade childhood gliomas (2).

1 Introduction Adult diffuse gliomas are a group of primary malignant brain tumors and have a relatively high mortality rate (1). Despite the availability of a diverse array of treatments including tumor resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and experimental targeted therapy, the prognosis for patients remains generally unfavorable (2, 3).

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of human kidney cancer. Histological and molecular analyses suggest that ccRCCs have significantly altered metabolism. Recent human studies of lung cancer and intracranial malignancies demonstrated an unexpected preservation of carbohydrate oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.