Leifu Chang

Abstract Bacterial transcription initiation is a tightly regulated process that canonically relies on sequence-specific promoter recognition by dedicated sigma (σ) factors, leading to functional DNA engagement by RNA polymerase (RNAP)1.

Abstract In both natural and engineered biological systems, RNA-guided proteins have emerged as critical transcriptional regulators by modulating RNA polymerase (RNAP) and its associated factors1,2,3. In bacteria, diverse clades of repurposed TnpB and CRISPR-associated proteins repress gene expression by blocking transcription initiation or elongation, enabling non-canonical modes of regulatory control and adaptive immunity1,4,5.

Keywords E3 ligase E6AP viral factor HPV targeted degradation yeast hybrid ligase activation ubiquitin cryo-EM Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Hershko, A. ∙ Ciechanover, A. The ubiquitin system Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1998; 67:425-479 2. Komander, D. The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2009; 37:937-953 3.