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Articles by Leon Trotsky
May Day in the West and the East
The following speech was delivered by Trotsky to the Moscow Soviet in April 1924 in commemoration of the 35th anniversary of May Day. On this occasion, Trotsky reaffirmed the revolutionary origins of May Day and its three fundamental slogans: the demand for the eight-hour day, for international class solidarity, and against militarism. Today, May Day is treated by labour leaders in many countries as a mere annual routine, lacking political content.
The Class, the Party and the Leadership
Leon Trotsky Why Was the Spanish Proletariat Defeated? [Questions of Marxist Theory] From Fourth International, Vol.1 No.7, December 1940, pp.191-195. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. EDITORIAL NOTE: Among comrade Trotsky’s archives were found a rough draft and fragmentary notes which we now publish in the form of an unfinished article.
Lessons of the Paris Commune
The Paris Commune of 1871 was the first workers’ state in history. For roughly six weeks, from 18 March to 28 May, the workers of Paris ran the city democratically, whilst heroically resisting the onslaught of the old order, based at Versailles. Marx hailed the Paris workers for “storming heaven”, and his analysis of the Commune in The Civil War in France remains an essential text. However, notwithstanding the Commune’s inspiring achievements, it also had limitations.
1904 Trotsky pamphlet online for first time - EXCLUSIVE!
We are proud to announce a marxist.com exclusive! Here, we are making available online for the first time in English a brand new translation of a historic pamphlet written by Trotsky in 1904. Titled, Before the 9th of January, Trotsky shows how utterly reactionary the liberal bourgeoisie in Russia had become.
Lecciones de Octubre de León Trotsky
Lecciones de Octubre fue escrito por León Trotsky en septiembre de 1924 como prólogo a la edición rusa de sus artículos del primer año de la revolución, publicados con el título 1917. Este texto pasó a la posteridad por una razón de peso.
Por qué los marxistas se oponen al terrorismo individual
León Trotsky Escrito: Escrito en noviembre de 1911 Primera Edición: Der Kampf - 11/1911 Digitalización: Germinal Fuente: Archivo francés del MIA Esta Edición: Marxists Internet Archive, diciembre de 2000 Nuestros enemigos de clase acostumbran a quejarse de nuestro terrorismo. Lo que entienden por esto no está muy claro. Ellos querrían calificar de terrorismo todas las actividades del proletariado contra sus enemigos de clase. A sus ojos, la huelga es el principal método terrorista.
El nacionalismo y la economía
El nacionalismo y la economía[1], por León Trotsky, 30 de noviembre de 1933 El fascismo italiano proclamó que el «sagrado egoísmo» nacional es el único factor creativo. El fascismo alemán, después de reducir la historia de la humanidad a la historia nacional, procedió a reducir la nación a la raza y la raza a la sangre.
85 años del asesinato de León Trotsky: su manifiesto por la paz
El pensador ruso fue asesinado en México el 21 de agosto de 1940 y lo recordamos con “El manifiesto de Zimmerwald contra la guerra”. León Trotsky (7 de noviembre de 1879, Ucrania-21 de agosto de 1940, Ciudad de México) fue un político y pensador de la antigua Unión Soviética, asesinado por un agente secreto enviado a México por el régimen de Stalin. Su verdadero nombre era Lev Davidovich Bronstein.
Notas sobre cuestiones económicas (1926)
La ley de la acumulación socialista, el principio de planificación, la tasa de industrialización y la falta de principios[1]. Traducción del MIA. 2 de mayo de 1926 El análisis de nuestra economía desde el punto de vista de la interacción (tanto en sus conflictos como en sus armonías) entre la ley del valor y la ley de la acumulación socialista es en principio un enfoque extremadamente provechoso, más precisamente, el único correcto.
Culture and Socialism
On 3 February 1926, Leon Trotsky gave a talk entitled, “On Culture”, at the Red Square Club in Moscow. He then compiled this talk along with other addresses he had given into the following article, which was first published in Krasnaya Nov, later that year. We publish here an English translation by Brian Pearce, which was first published in Labour Review in Autumn 1962.
The Bloc of the Left and the Right
Leon Trotsky Source: The Militant, Vol. IV No. 1, 1 January 1931, p. 6. Transcription/HTML Mark-up: Einde O’Callaghan for the Trotsky Internet Archive. Copyleft: Leon Trotsky Internet Archive (www.marxists.org) 2012.
[Classics] Their Morals and Ours
We republish Leon Trotsky's 1938 pamphlet, Their Morals and Ours. Written while Trotsky was in exile in Mexico, the pamphlet answers critics of the Russian Revolution, who smeared the Bolsheviks as "amoral". Trotsky argues that morality is not fixed but reflects class interests in society. So-called common sense and "elementary moral precepts" against violence, for example, in reality serve the interests of the ruling class.
Bonapartismo y fascismo
Publicamos este artículo de Trotsky escrito en julio de 1934. Sus reflexiones arrojan luz al debate abierto tras la vuelta de Trump a la Casa Blanca y el avance global de la extrema derecha. Un texto muy útil para entender el método dialéctico del marxismo revolucionario. --- La gran importancia práctica de una correcta orientación teórica se manifiesta con más evidencia en las épocas de agudos conflictos sociales, de rápidos virajes políticos o de cambios abruptos en la situación.
The capitalist curve of development
In the year 2000 we published this article by Leon Trotsky on capitalist development. The purpose then was to underline the fact that although capitalism was experiencing a boom, the period we had entered was actually one of overall capitalist decline. As we explained in the introduction “Rather than a new upswing, capitalism is heading for a new slump and a downward curve of development similar to the interwar period.” This was confirmed by the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent events.
Nationalism and Economic Life
Leon Trotsky Written: 1934. First Published: Foreign Affairs, April 1934. Source: Class Struggle Official Organ Of The Communist League Of Struggle (Adhering to the International Left Opposition), Vol.4 No.9-10, October 1934. Republished: From the Arsenal of Marxism, Fourth International, Vol.17 No.2, Winter 1956, pp.18-21. Online Version: Vera Buch & Albert Weisbord Internet Archive. Transcribed/HTML Markup: Albert Weisbord Internet Archive/David Walters.
Literature and Revolution
Leon Trotsky Revolutionary Art Not Produced by Workers Alone – Leisure and Political Indifference Of True Intelligentsia as Factors in Creative Art – The Functions of the Communist Party in Relation to Art – Social Cataclysm and the Continuity of Art and Culture THERE are Marxists in literature who have taken an arrogant attitude toward Futurists, the “Serapion Fraternity”, Imagists and all the “fellow-travellers” in general, together or separately.
‘Attention to theory’ by Leon Trotsky - new translation!
We are extremely proud to publish here a brand new English translation of a short 1922 article by Leon Trotsky, Attention to theory. First published in the monthly magazine Under the banner of Marxism, this article met with Lenin’s full approval and is referred to in a piece he wrote for the third edition of the magazine, On the significance of militant materialism. We are republishing the latter alongside this article.
Centenario Lenin. La nota biográfica que escribió Trotsky para la Enciclopedia Británica
León Trotsky escribió esta nota biográfica sobre Lenin para la 14° edición de la Enciclopedia Británica de 1929, que se reimprimió en 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938 y 1939. LENIN, Vladimir Ilich Ulianov (1870-1924), fundador y guía de las Repúblicas Soviéticas y la Internacional Comunista, discípulo de Marx, líder Partido Bolchevique y organizador de la Revolución de Octubre en Rusia. Nació el 9 de abril de 1870, en la ciudad de Simbirsk, en la actualidad Ulianovsk.
Tras el levantamiento de San Petersburgo (enero de 1905)
Prefacio (escrito en 1906) [1] “Antes del 9 de enero” es una reimpresión de un panfleto publicado hace unos dos años en Ginebra. La primera parte del folleto [2] ofrece un análisis del programa y la táctica de la oposición de los zemstvos y de la intelectualidad democrática; mucho de lo que allí se dice suena ahora a una verdad de perogrullo. Pero, en esencia, nuestra crítica a la Duma de los kadetes se basa en los mismos principios que nuestra crítica al primer congreso de los zemstvos en Moscú.
Tras el levantamiento de San Petersburgo (enero de 1905)
Prefacio (escrito en 1906) [1] “Antes del 9 de enero” es una reimpresión de un panfleto publicado hace unos dos años en Ginebra. La primera parte del folleto [2] ofrece un análisis del programa y la táctica de la oposición de los zemstvos y de la intelectualidad democrática; mucho de lo que allí se dice suena ahora a una verdad de perogrullo. Pero, en esencia, nuestra crítica a la Duma de los kadetes se basa en los mismos principios que nuestra crítica al primer congreso de los zemstvos en Moscú.
Tras el levantamiento de San Petersburgo (enero de 1905)
Prefacio (escrito en 1906) [1] “Antes del 9 de enero” es una reimpresión de un panfleto publicado hace unos dos años en Ginebra. La primera parte del folleto [2] ofrece un análisis del programa y la táctica de la oposición de los zemstvos y de la intelectualidad democrática; mucho de lo que allí se dice suena ahora a una verdad de perogrullo. Pero, en esencia, nuestra crítica a la Duma de los kadetes se basa en los mismos principios que nuestra crítica al primer congreso de los zemstvos en Moscú.
Su moral y la nuestra
1. Emanaciones de moral En épocas de reacción triunfante, los señores demócratas, socialdemócratas, anarquistas y otros representantes de la izquierda se ponen a desprender, en doble cantidad, emanaciones de moral, del mismo modo que transpiran doblemente las gentes cuando tienen miedo.
Lección de España: última advertencia
Menchevismo y bolchevismo en España Las operaciones militares en Abisinia y Extremo Oriente están siendo estudiadas cuidadosamente por todos los estados mayores militares que preparan la futura gran guerra.
Leon Trotsky: A Letter on the Italian Revolution
Today, 25 April, is a day of celebration in Italy. It is the anniversary of the final fall of the hated Fascist regime in 1945. The official history books tell us that the anti-fascist movement, the hundreds of thousands of armed partisans who fought in the resistance, were fighting for a democratic republic, which is what was finally established. This ignores the fact that what was taking place was a social revolution – not just for democracy, but for workers’ power.
¿Cómo venció Stalin a la Oposición?
Traducción de Editorial Pluma Las preguntas que plantea la carta del camarada Zeller son de gran interés, no sólo histórico, sino también actual. No es raro encontrarlas en la literatura política o en la conversación privada bajo distintas formas.
Lições da Comuna de Paris
Por ocasião do 50º aniversário da Comuna de Paris, em 1921, Leon Trotsky escreveu este brilhante artigo à luz da então recente Revolução Russa de 1917 e da posterior Guerra Civil da qual saiu vitorioso o Exército Vermelho comandado pelo próprio Trotsky. A cada vez que estudamos a história da Comuna descobrimos um novo matiz graças à experiência que nos foi proporcionada pelas lutas revolucionárias posteriores, não apenas a Revolução Russa, mas também a alemã e a húngara.
La muerte de Karl Kautsky
Traducido de Revolution’s Standnews. Artículo de León Trotsky aparecido en febrero de 1939 en la revista New International. La muerte de Karl Kautsky pasó desapercibida. A la joven generación este nombre le dice comparativamente poco. Pero hubo una época en que Kautsky fue, en el verdadero sentido de la palabra, el maestro que educó a la vanguardia proletaria internacional.
Trotsky on the Communist Manifesto
Today is the 175th anniversary of the publication of that founding document of the Marxist movement, the Communist Manifesto. Written in 1847 by Marx and Engels, and published the following year, the Manifesto retains an astonishing vitality today. Indeed, it is more relevant now than when it was written. We publish below an article by Trotsky written in 1937 on the occasion of the Manifesto's 90th anniversary.
La lucha contra el fascismo
Los análisis y propuestas que ante el ascenso del nazismo en Alemania nos ofrece León Trotsky contienen lecciones muy útiles para afrontar el momento histórico actual. Ugo Palheta recuerda en el prólogo el contexto internacional y la originalidad de las aportaciones de Trotsky. Andy Durgan describe en el epílogo las particularidades del caso español durante el periodo que culminó en la revolución y la guerra civil del 36.
A Libertarian's View On Socialism...
we are joined by Austrian Economist Gene Epstein Director of the SoHo Forum and former Economics and Book Editor of Barron’s Magazine (2003-2017). Mr. Epstein is know for his debates against popular socialists like Professor of Economics Richard Wolff and President of The Nation (and former Editor and founder of Jacobin Magazine) Bhaskar Sunkara. In this 30 minute special interview (we had fun and it went much longer) we will be discussing the Socialist Problem From A Libertarian Perspective…
[ဂန္ထဝင်] In Defence Of October
The February Revolution Strikes and protests erupt on women's day in Petrograd and develop into a mass movement involving hundreds of thousands of workers; within 5 days the workers win over the army and bring down the hated and seemingly omnipotent Tsarist Monarchy.
100 years since the Fourth Congress of the Communist International
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Fourth Congress of the Communist (Third) International (also known as the Comintern), held from 30 November – 5 December 1922, in Moscow. Leon Trotsky, co-leader, along with Lenin, of the 1917 October revolution, summarised the Fourth Congress, in his work, The Evolution of the Comintern (1936), as follows: “The Fourth Congress (1922) reaffirmed the lessons of the Third Congress and dealt with them more thoroughly and concretely.
Leon Trotsky: “Hitler's National Socialism”
Naïve minds think that the office of kingship lodges in the king himself, in his ermine cloak and his crown, in his bones and veins. As a matter of fact, the office of kingship is an interrelation between people. The king is king only because the interests and prejudices of millions of people are refracted through his person. When the flood of development sweeps away these interrelations, then the king appears to be only a washed-out male with a flabby underlip.
On the Philosophy of the Superman
Leon Trotsky 1900 On the Philosophy of the Superman Source: Originally in Vostochnoye Obozriene, nos. 284, 286, 287, 289 of December 22, 24, 25, 30 1900. Translated from the French at http://marxists.org/francais/trotsky/livres/litterature/nietzsche.htm; Translated: for marxists.org by Mitchell Abidor; CopyLeft: Creative Commons (Attribute & ShareAlike) marxists.org 2011.
What Is National Socialism?
Leon Trotsky Written in exile in Turkey, June 10, 1933. Translated from Russian and from German. Appeared in several versions in various journals, first being The Modern Thinker, October 1933. Last two paragraphs added as postscript November 2, 1933. Naive minds think that the office of kingship lodges in the king himself, in his ermine cloak and his crown, in his flesh and bones. As a matter of fact, the office of kingship is an interrelation between people.
Vol.2 (The 5th Anniversary of October and the 4th Congress of the Comintern)
Leon Trotsky The First Five Years of the Communist International Volume 2 Delivered Before the Active Membership of the Moscow Organization [1] October 20, 1922 Comrades, the Fourth World Congress of the Communist International will convene during a jubilee for the Soviet power, its Fifth Anniversary. My report will be devoted to these two events. The jubilee is of course a purely formal one; involving a date on the calendar, but events are not regulated by the calendar.
Leon Trotsky: The Lessons of Spain - The Last Warning (December 1937)
Leon Trotsky Written: 17 December 1937. First Published: Socialist Appeal [New York], Vol. II No. 2, 8 January 1938, pp. 4–5 & Vol.Vol. II No. 3, 15 January 1938, pp. 4–5 & 8. Translated: Socialist Appeal. Transcription/HTML Markup: Matt Siegried. Proofread: Einde O’Callaghan (April 2015). Copyleft: Leon Trotsky Internet Archive (www.marxists.org) 1999. Permission is granted to copy and/or distribute this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. Socialist Appeal, Vol.
Nationalism and Economic Life
Sign in and save to read later Print this article Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Get a link Page url Request Reprint Permissions ITALIAN fascism has proclaimed national "sacred egoism" as the sole creative factor. After reducing the history of humanity to national history, German fascism proceeded to reduce nation to race, and race to blood.
Results and Prospects
Leon Trotsky Results and Prospects Transcribed and HTML markup for the Trotsky Internet Archive, a subarchive of the Marxists’ Internet Archive, by Sally Ryan in 1996. History does not repeat itself. However much one may compare the Russian Revolution with the Great French Revolution, the former can never be transformed into a repetition of the latter. The 19th century has not passed in vain. The year 1848 already differs tremendously from 1789.
Bourgeoisie, Petty Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
Leon Trotsky Jacobinism, Social Democracy and Fascism – The Political Programs of the Petty Bourgeoisie (August 1932) Written: 4 August 1932. Source: The Militant, Vol. V No. 36 (Whole No. 132), 3 September 1932, pp. 1 & 4. Transcription/HTML Markup: Einde O’Callaghan for the Trotsky Internet Archive. Copyleft: Leon Trotsky Internet Archive (www.marxists.org) 2014.
In the past few months hundreds, probably thousands, of public servants have been shot in Soviet Russia. The executed include the most eminent personages in the Soviet government, the majority of whom were heroes of the Russian revolution.
Nationalism and Economic Life | Leon Trotsky
by Leon Trotsky (First Appeared in Foreign Affairs, April 1934) ITALIAN fascism has proclaimed national "sacred egoism" as the sole creative factor. After reducing the history of humanity to national history, German fascism proceeded to reduce nation to race, and race to blood. Moreover, in those countries which politically have not risen—or rather, descended—to fascism, the problems of economy are more and more being forced into national frameworks.
First 5 Years of the Comintern: Vol.1 (1924)
Leon Trotsky Volume I (1924) Written: 1919-1921. Publisher: New Park, London 1973. [1*] Permission granted for use on the Leon Trotsky Internet Archive by Index Books, London, England. Originally published in Russian in 1924 as Pyat Let Kominterna by State Publishing House, Moscow. Translated: John G. Wright & R. Chappell. Online Version: Marxists Internet Archive, 2002, 2003. Transcribed: Robert Barrois & David Walters. HTML Markup: David Walters. Proofreading: Einde O’Callaghan, January 2007.
The Integrity of a Revolutionary: Alain Krivine, 1941-2022
The death of Alain Krivine on 12 March, aged eighty, saw the passing of the last of the leading ‘68ers who had remained faithful to the revolts of his youth, mixing anti-imperialism, anti-Stalinism and anti-capitalism. He combined his fidelity to his cause with a clear integrity, at odds with sectarianism or the lust for power. Ça te passera avec l’age — “You’ll Grow Out of It”.
The History of the Russian Revolution
Leon Trotsky The History of the Russian Revolution Volume Three: The Triumph of the Soviets Language is the most important instrument of human communication, and consequently of industry. It becomes national together with the triumph of commodity exchange which integrates nations. Upon this foundation the national state is erected as the most convenient, profitable and normal arena for the play of capitalist relations.
Leon Trotsky: For a United, Free and Independent Workers’ Ukraine!
Leon Trotsky published this article in Socialist Appeal on May 9, 1939. This was just a few months before the signing of the Hitler-Stalin Pact, which divided Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviet invasion of Eastern Poland, which followed the German invasion of Western Poland, was justified with concern for ethnic Ukrainians in Polish territory. Yet the Stalinist regime in the Soviet Union had been increasing national oppression against Ukraine.
Balance Sheet of the Finnish Events
Leon Trotsky (April 1940) Written: 25 April 1940. First Published: Fourth International, Vol.1 No.2, June 1940, pp.41-44. Translated: By Fourth International. Reprinted: Leon Trotsky, In Defense of Marxism, New York 1942. Checked Against: Leon Trotsky, In Defence of Marxism, London 1966, pp.212-222. Transcription/HTML Markup: David Walters. Copyleft: Leon Trotsky Internet Archive (www.marxists.org) 2003.
Difference between revisions of "Russian Revolution, Civil War and USSR 1917-1991"
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Difference between revisions of "Russian Revolution, Civil War and USSR 1917-1991"
Revision as of 19:06, 25 August 2021 (view source) Pkerry211 (Talk | contribs) Latest revision as of 00:42, 22 December 2021 (view source) Pkerry211 (Talk | contribs) Line 31: Line 31: ::(1900-1991; Russian transcriptions) ::(1900-1991; Russian transcriptions) − *'''[http://leninism.su/memory.html Memories of Lenin]''' + *'''[https://leninism.su/memory.html Memories of Lenin]''' ::First-hand accounts of Lenin. ::First-hand accounts of Lenin.
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Revision as of 19:10, 24 August 2021 (view source) Pkerry211 (Talk | contribs) Latest revision as of 01:15, 21 December 2021 (view source) Pkerry211 (Talk | contribs) Line 12: Line 12: ::(18 June (1 July) 1887; modern Russian translation) ::(18 June (1 July) 1887; modern Russian translation) − *'''[http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/russian-revolution-documents/ Tsarism in Crisis]''' + *'''[https://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/russian-revolution-documents/ Tsarism in Crisis]'''...
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