Liam Shaw
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Articles by Liam Shaw
Liam Shaw session
Please note that we use cookies to improve the use of this website. By continuing to browse the site, you accept I Agree Please note that we use cookies to improve the use of this website. By continuing to browse the site, you accept Liam Shaw @liamshaw Australia • Sport climber
Take on the Zwift Cup of Doom: Fellowship Championships Starts Today
I am so excited to announce The Fitness Fellowship’s first official tournament. The Fellowship Championship. We’ve got five brutal stages ahead, but don’t worry! Many of us are heading into the season carrying a few extra kgs, and this is the perfect opportunity to dust off the old cobwebs. We’ve got a bit of everything from a pan flat sprinters map to a mass start epic to an iTT. And of course we love climbing, so we put a bit of elevation in here and there.
Liam Shaw session
Please note that we use cookies to improve the use of this website. By continuing to browse the site, you accept theCrag Site Usage Policy Sun Sep Liam Shaw onsighted 5 routes and climbed 6 other routes at Nowra. • 2432 • Onsighted 5 routes, red pointed 2 routes and dogged 4 routes.
The shared evolutionary capacities of plasmids and extrachromosomal DNA
Abstract Our understanding of evolutionary genetics is based largely on chromosomes, but many organisms harbour extrachromosomal forms of DNA that exist in multiple copies per cell and segregate unequally on division. These alternative carriers of genetic information possess unique evolutionary capacities.
I just wanted to touch it
Henry Kissinger said that Zhou Enlai had an extraordinary capacity to ‘intuit the intangibles of the psychology of his opposite number’. He may have learned about Pat Nixon’s love of pandas on the first evening of the presidential visit in 1972, as they chatted over shark’s fin soup and the People’s Liberation Army Band played ‘Home on the Range’.
Odpady po lekach zrewolucjonizowały rolnictwo. "Świnie rosły trzy razy szybciej"
Ale w czasach współczesnych wszystko się zmieniło. Gdyby globalne spożycie mięsa w ciągu istnienia gatunku ludzkiego przedstawić na wykresie od 2,6 mln lat temu do dziś, najbardziej zauważalna zmiana nastąpiłaby po 1950 r. W drugiej połowie XX w. ilość spożywanego mięsa na osobę mniej więcej się podwoiła. Przeciętny obywatel świata zjada obecnie ponad 40 kg rocznie, przeciętny Amerykanin trzy razy tyle. Ten gwałtowny wzrost stał się możliwy po części właśnie poprzez antybiotyki.
Odpady po lekach zrewolucjonizowały rolnictwo. "Świnie rosły trzy razy szybciej"
Świnie w chlewni (zdjęcie ilustracyjne) Ale w czasach współczesnych wszystko się zmieniło. Gdyby globalne spożycie mięsa w ciągu istnienia gatunku ludzkiego przedstawić na wykresie od 2,6 mln lat temu do dziś, najbardziej zauważalna zmiana nastąpiłaby po 1950 r. W drugiej połowie XX w. ilość spożywanego mięsa na osobę mniej więcej się podwoiła. Przeciętny obywatel świata zjada obecnie ponad 40 kg rocznie, przeciętny Amerykanin trzy razy tyle.
Bakterie sprzed 30 tys. lat znały nasze antybiotyki. Naukowcy znaleźli dowód w wiecznej zmarzlinie
Spis treści: Skąd wzięła się oporność bakterii na antybiotyki? W wiecznej zmarzlinie znaleziono bakterie oporne na współczesne leki Antybiotyki istniały miliony lat przed pojawieniem się człowieka Czy zbliżamy się do ery postantybiotykowej? Przez niemal sto lat antybiotyki uchodziły za cudowne leki, które zrewolucjonizowały medycynę i uratowały miliony ludzi. Dziś ich skuteczność jest jednak coraz poważniej zagrożona przez narastającą oporność bakterii.
Lekooporna gruźlica już jest problemem. Potrzebne są nowe leki
W swojej książce pisze pan "Bakterie żyją prawie wszędzie. Można je znaleźć na lądzie, od najgłębszych kopalni złota po najwyższe szczyty; w powietrzu, od chmur nad Antarktydą po zatłoczony pociąg podmiejski; w wodzie, od niemal wrzących gejzerów po najciemniejsze otchłanie oceanu. Można je też znaleźć w naszym wnętrzu, pokrywające nasze dziąsła i wyściełające nasze jelita.
Resistance potentiators: Evolutionary catalysts of antibiotic resistance
Fig 1. Mutagenesis and the evolution of antibiotic resistance. A schematic of mutagenesis mechanisms as drivers of antibiotic resistance evolution. Mutations are represented as filled circles in bacterial chromosomes from hypothetical populations, with antibiotic resistance mutations shown in red and weakly deleterious mutations shown in black. Hypermutator populations have a constitutively elevated mutation rate.
Liam Shaw | Plague Ships
Cruise ships are sometimes called floating cities. Icon of the Seas, with a maximum capacity of ten thousand people (passengers and crew), could accommodate most of the population of the city of Wells in Somerset. Most cruise ships are more like small if extraordinarily wealthy towns. And the MV Hondius, with 175 people from more than twenty countries on board when it departed from Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego on 1 April, was probably the most diverse village in the world.
Bring me bimagrumab
In 1889 Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard, a 72-year-old professor at the Collège de France, wrote a letter to the Lancet in which he reported the effects of injecting himself with guinea pig semen. The results were remarkable. He could once more lift heavy weights, no longer had to hold the banister when going down the stairs and his youthful vigour had returned in other areas too.
Un pericoloso miracolo
Nel gelo eterno della regione del Klondike, nel Canada nord-occidentale, il permafrost custodisce un segreto sconcertante: alcuni batteri intrappolati e conservati nel ghiaccio possedevano, già trentamila anni fa, geni resistenti ad antibiotici moderni come la vancomicina. Ma com’è possibile che batteri così antichi fossero immuni a un antibiotico reso disponibile sul mercato solo a partire dagli anni Cinquanta?
Meningitis in Kent
The first vaccines a two-month-old child gets in England offer protection against three species of virus and five bacteria. Since 2015, they have included Neisseria meningitidis group B, the bacterium involved in the recent meningitis outbreak in Kent in which two people have died. The first vaccine against bacteria was created by Louis Pasteur in 1879. It was a live attenuated vaccine for chicken cholera, meaning it involved weakened forms of the bacteria that didn’t cause serious disease.
Correction: Laminin N-terminus α31 regulates corneal epithelial cell adhesion and migration through modifying the organization and proteolytic processing of laminin 332
The second author, Valentina Iorio, should be noted as having also contributed equally to this work. Reference 1. Troughton LD, Iorio V, Shaw L, Sugden CJ, Chavda ND, Wilson P, et al. Laminin N-terminus α31 regulates corneal epithelial cell adhesion and migration through modifying the organization and proteolytic processing of laminin 332. PLoS One. 2026;21(1):e0338797. pmid:41528979 View Article PubMed/NCBI Google Scholar Citation: Troughton LD, Iorio V, Shaw L, Sugden CJ, Chavda ND, Wilson P, et al.
Liam Shaw | Scratch that
Chimpanzees, New Caledonian crows – and now cows. The list of animals that use tools grew a little longer this week, with a paper in Current Biology reporting that an Austrian cow called Veronika uses a broom to scratch herself. Appealing to tool use as a defining feature of humanity has always been a shaky argument, though a curiously persistent one. ‘Employment of tools appears to be [our] chief biological characteristic,’ the anthropologist Kenneth Oakley wrote in Man the Tool-Maker (1949).
Laminin N-terminus α31 regulates corneal epithelial cell adhesion and migration through modifying the organization and proteolytic processing of laminin 332
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Troughton LD, Iorio V, Shaw L, Sugden CJ, Chavda ND, Wilson P, et al. (2026) Laminin N-terminus α31 regulates corneal epithelial cell adhesion and migration through modifying the organization and proteolytic processing of laminin 332. PLoS One 21(1): e0338797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338797 Editor: Alexander V.
Liam Shaw | Metabolic Magic
Streptomycetes are soil bacteria that could easily be mistaken for fungi, their cells snaking through the earth in long threads that resemble mycelial networks. To propagate when their survival is threatened, they break through the earth’s surface and then cannibalise themselves, using their last resources to build aerial platforms that release spores into the atmosphere to be carried away on the wind. Streptomycetes also produce a bonanza of antibiotics.
Dangerous Miracle: A Natural History of Antibiotics - and How We Burned Through Them
As an adolescent, I would have lapped up the doom-ridden clichés of Liam Shaw’s introduction. For a decade or two afterwards, I would simply not have noticed them. Experience has made me more easily irritated. The apocalyptic drum rolls with which Shaw starts are wearily familiar. They are also needless, for once they recede what follows is a work of clarity and lyricism. Although a history of antibiotics, Dangerous Miracle is a critique of capitalism too.
Who needs smoothies?
The pain of toothache arrives long after the damage has been done. The process begins when bacteria in the mouth turn sugars from our food into acid, which etches the tooth’s enamel, allowing the bacteria to penetrate further. Only when they hit the nerve bundles at the tooth’s pulpy core does the sufferer become aware – all too painfully aware – of their predicament. Dental pain comes in pulsing waves, seemingly synchronised with every beat of the heart.
The leading region of many conjugative plasmids is depleted in restriction-modification targets
Abstract The leading region of conjugative plasmids is the first to enter recipient cells during conjugation. This region is enriched in anti-defence genes, suggesting that defence system evasion shapes plasmid organization. Might this selective pressure also variably impact sequence composition? Here we hypothesize that the leading region is subject to stronger selection to avoid triggering defence systems.
Liam Shaw | Serious Music
Anyone who plays an instrument – or has shared a house with a musician – will be familiar with the maddening nature of repetitive practice. Many piano players have bought Charles-Louis Hanon’s The Virtuoso Pianist in Sixty Exercises,but few complete it. One reason is that skills tend to plateau, after which it takes considerable fortitude to persist. The pain of practice can be physical as well as mental.
Global genomic epidemiology of bla GES-5 carbapenemase-associated integrons
Article metrics loading... /content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001312 Download as PowerPoint /deliver/fulltext/mgen/10/12/mgen001312.html?itemId=/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001312&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah References Baquero F, Martínez JL, F Lanza V, Rodríguez-Beltrán J, Galán JC et al. Evolutionary pathways and trajectories in antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0005019 [View Article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Sheppard AE, Stoesser N, Wilson DJ, Sebra R, Kasarskis A et al.
Shrike Presents ‘The Divine and the Serpentine,’ A Bold Dive into Metal’s Emotional Depths
Shrike, a three-piece metal band from Preston, the “wettest” city in England, is set to reshape the underground modern metal landscape with their debut album release in 2025. Titled ‘The Divine and the Serpentine,’ this long player not only showcases their unique sound—a rich blend of ambient, cinematic, and orchestral textures—but also delves into deep thematic content through a “semi” concept album exploring the complexities of abusive relationships.
Shrike Presents ‘The Divine and the Serpentine,’ A Bold Dive into Metal’s Emotional Depths
Shrike, a three-piece metal band from Preston, the “wettest” city in England, is set to reshape the underground modern metal landscape with their debut album release in 2025. Titled ‘The Divine and the Serpentine,’ this long player not only showcases their unique sound—a rich blend of ambient, cinematic, and orchestral textures—but also delves into deep thematic content through a “semi” concept album exploring the complexities of abusive relationships.
Towards quantifying plasmid similarity
Article metrics loading... /content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001290 Download as PowerPoint /deliver/fulltext/mgen/10/9/mgen001290.html?itemId=/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001290&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah References Coluzzi C, Garcillán-Barcia MP, de la Cruz F, Rocha EPC. Evolution of plasmid mobility: origin and fate of conjugative and nonconjugative plasmids. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:msac115 [View Article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Castañeda-Barba S, Top EM, Stalder T.
Palestine paralyzed: Israel’s brutal war revives polio virus among children
After 25 years without polio, the siege of Gaza has directly resulted in a confirmed case of childhood paralysis, in what could be the start of a polio outbreak. The British biologist Peter Medawar described a virus as “a piece of bad news wrapped up in protein.” The virus that causes polio provides a perfect example. When a cell infected with poliovirus dies, it bursts open and can release up to 10,000 individual virus particles.
Liam Shaw and Thomas Jones
Your browser does not support the audio element. The great auk was a flightless, populous and reportedly delicious bird, once found widely across the rocky outcrops of the North Atlantic. By the 1860s it was extinct, its decline sharpened by specimen collectors and at least one volcanic eruption. Human-driven extinction was ‘almost unthinkable’ until the auk’s disappearance, Liam Shaw writes. He joins Tom to discuss when, where and why the great auk died out.
Lord of the Eggs
‘Great Auk’ by John James Audubon (1836). The great auk, or garefowl, was a flightless North Atlantic seabird and it tasted delicious, perhaps a little like duck with a hint of seaweed. It’s hard to be sure because by the 1860s the great auk was extinct. It had once been abundant: in the 16th century, a breeding ground off Newfoundland – known as Funk Island for the overpowering stench of guano – offered a welcome source of sustenance for European sailors crossing the Atlantic.
Evolutionary dynamics of genome structure and content among closely related bacteria
Abstract Bacterial genomes primarily diversify via gain, loss, and rearrangement of genetic material in their flexible accessory genome. Yet the dynamics of accessory genome evolution are very poorly understood, in contrast to the core genome where diversification is readily described by mutations and homologous recombination. Here, we tackle this problem for the case of very closely related genomes. We comprehensively describe genome evolution within n=222 genomes of E.
Author Correction: The plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: a large-scale observational study using complete plasmid assemblies | Nature Communications
Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45761-7, published online 22 February 2024 In this article the author name William Matlock was incorrectly written as Willam Matlock. The original article has been corrected.
Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to repeated invasion into a commensal competitor
Abstract The host-associated microbiome is an important barrier to bacterial pathogen colonization and can mediate protection through a variety of mechanisms. We wanted to investigate the potential consequences of selection imposed by commensal bacterial competitors on an invading bacterial pathogen.
Where’s my tail?
At some point in the past, humans and other apes lost their tails. Research recently published in Nature proposes a mechanism to explain how. We still have many of the necessary genes, but a single insertion of a small genetic sequence at a new location may have inadvertently turned off tail development. The genetic sequence is known as an Alu element. They are genomic minnows: only around three hundred base-pairs of DNA compared to more than ten thousand base-pairs for an average gene.
The plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: A large-scale observational study using complete plasmid assemblies - Nature Communications
Abstract Plasmids carry genes conferring antimicrobial resistance and other clinically important traits, and contribute to the rapid dissemination of such genes. Previous studies using complete plasmid assemblies, which are essential for reliable inference, have been small and/or limited to plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, we sequenced 1,880 complete plasmids from 738 isolates from bloodstream infections in Oxfordshire, UK.
Global genomic epidemiology of blaGES-5 carbapenemase-associated integrons
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene cassettes comprise an AMR gene flanked by short recombination sites (attI x attC or attC x attC). Integrons are genetic elements able to capture, excise, and shuffle these cassettes, providing 'adaptation on demand', and can be found on both chromosomes and plasmids. Understanding the patterns of integron diversity may help to understand the epidemiology of AMR genes.
Petrifying Juices
When Virgin Galactic’s spaceplane VSS Unity made its third commercial flight on 8 September 2023, its three crew members were accompanied by three paying customers, ‘private astronauts’ who had bought their tickets as long ago as 2004 (when they were a bit less than half the current asking price of $450,000).
Like Scotch Eggs
In the 1880s, the Danish bacteriologist Hans Gram was working in the morgue of the Berlin city hospital, trying to identify bacteria in sections of lung tissue under the microscope. But there was so much blood that the bacteria were ‘impossible to see’. He used a dye – gentian violet – to stain the whole sample, then rinsed it with alcohol to wash out the purple colour. The bacteria appeared ‘an intense blue (often almost black)’ while the human cells were unstained.
Manchester United
1x2 14.00 7.10 1.19 Bet here 13.00 7.00 1.20 Bet here 13.75 6.65 1.21 Bet here Win Wigan Athletic Draw Win Manchester United Wigan Athletic ( vs Barnsley 2024-01-01) Sam Tickle, Steven Sessègnon, Liam Morrison, Charlie Hughes, Sean Clare, Liam Shaw, Babajide Adeeko, Callum Lang, Josh Magennis, Jordan Jones, Martial Godo Manchester United ( vs Nottingham Forest 2023-12-30) André Onana, Aaron Wan-Bissaka, Raphaël Varane, Jonny Evans, Diogo Dalot, Christian Eriksen, Kobbie Mainoo, Antony, Bruno...
Visualizing and quantifying structural diversity around mobile resistance genes
Abstract Understanding the evolution of mobile genes is important for understanding the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many clinically important AMR genes have been mobilized by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on the kilobase scale, such as integrons and transposons, which can integrate into both chromosomes and plasmids and lead to rapid spread of the gene through bacterial populations.
Liam Shaw · Aha! Plant Detectives · LRB 7 September 2023
The old Palais de Justice in Lyon is one of the finest examples of neoclassical architecture in France. Its entrance hall is flanked with marble columns, and winged lions prowl the architraves.Between 1845 and 1995, it housed the major courts for the surrounding region. From 1912, access to the world’s first official police forensic laboratory was gained by entering through a back door and climbing three flights of creaking stairs to the attic.
Conspicuous Cruelty
Thirty-nine asylum seekers were received onto the Bibby Stockholm, moored off Portland, on 7 August.
Visualizing and quantifying structural diversity around mobile AMR genes
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Evergreening · LRB 20 July 2023
On 18 July 2003, Johnson & Johnson filed a patent for bedaquiline, a new antibiotic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. If and when it was approved as a medicine, J&J would hold the exclusive rights to manufacture and sell bedaquiline across the world until 18 July 2023. After that, other companies would be allowed to make generic versions of the drug. The patent became public in February 2004, and the astonishing activity of bedaquiline was reported in Science in early 2005.
Why vanity metrics really need to die
Skip to content Skip to main navigation Opinion Liam Shaw, Wrappr's Co-CEO, argues why advertisers should make it their new financial year resolution to measure metrics in a more meaningful way. June 14, 2023 10:13 by LIAM SHAW While it may not be as resolution-filled as January, the end of the financial year is a time of to reflect on what is and isn’t working. Let’s begin with metrics.
PanGraph: scalable bacterial pan-genome graph construction
Abstract The genomic diversity of microbes is commonly parameterized as SNPs relative to a reference genome of a well-characterized, but arbitrary, isolate. However, any reference genome contains only a fraction of the microbial pangenome, the total set of genes observed in a given species. Reference-based approaches are thus blind to the dynamics of the accessory genome, as well as variation within gene order and copy number.
Open the pod bay doors
Last week a group of scientists reported the discovery of a new antibiotic. They named the molecule ‘abaucin’ because it seems to kill the pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii, a bacterial species that can infect patients in hospitals and is frequently resistant to many other powerful antibiotics. The researchers say that abaucin works in a different way from existing antibiotics and seems to be a ‘narrow-spectrum’ antibiotic, targeting A.
February 27, 2023
Commercial Radio & Audio (CRA) has reported digital audio ad spend in 2022 reached $221.2 million, according to the IAB Australia Online Advertising Expenditure Report (OAER) prepared by PwC. The report is the first time the size of Australia’s digital audio advertising market, including podcasts, music and radio streaming, has been revealed for the first time.
How challenger brands can harness guerrilla marketing to win a golden year of sport
2023 will be a big year in Australian sport…and guerrilla marketing. The FIFA Women’s World Cup is set to draw in crowds and all eyes will be on the Ashes in the UK. Can challenger brands use these platforms to reach a large, captive audience?
Why ad spend will follow measurement in 2023
Measurement. We all know it’s needed, but it’s often challenging to accurately measure a campaign and its success. Even harder still is to measure advertising across channels, especially one-to-many traditional media like radio, print, linear TV and OOH. Even across digital channels, the proliferation of new platforms and devices has made cross-channel measurement a shared pain point for many marketers.
PanGraph: scalable bacterial pan-genome graph construction
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