Lina Chang

1 Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major global public health problem, with its prevalence continuing to rise, placing a heavy burden on society (1). It is noteworthy that the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is significantly higher in diabetic populations compared to non-diabetic populations (2), and coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in T2DM patients, accounting for approximately 50% of mortality (3).

This article was originally published by Pacific Forum. It is republished with permission. Support of Russia’s war efforts through military technology supply by China, Iran and North Korea has understandably exacerbated Western fears of an emerging bloc. Cooperation among what experts label as “natural allies”  to form a united front against the US-led international order has earned them the title “Axis of Upheaval.” And now China, Russia, Iran and North Korea even have an acronym: .

China, Iran, and North Korea’s support of Russia’s war efforts through military technology supply has understandably exacerbated Western fears of an emerging bloc. Russia has signed agreements dedicated to increased defense cooperation with Iran and North Korea and continuously reaffirmed its “no-limits” partnership with China, notably through increased joint military and logistical developments in the Arctic.