Linfei Yin

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1 Introduction During the last two decades, the increasing penetration of wind power in the electric grid has reduced carbon emissions significantly (Roga et al., 2022). However, the intermittence and unpredictability of wind resources also posed challenge to wind energy systems (AlAshery et al., 2020).

1 Introduction In recent years, power system blackouts have become increasingly frequent on a global scale, with various natural and man-made disasters affecting the security and stable operation of power systems (Chen et al., 2021). Power system blackouts have significant impacts on society and people, so it is necessary to investigate restoration strategies after blackouts to effectively guide the power systems restoration and reduce corresponding economic losses (Chen Y. et al., 2023).