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Articles by Lixu Jin
Electrochemically deuterated silane synthesis with D2O
Abstract Deuterium-labeled silanes are of great significance in organic synthesis and drug discoveries, yet obtaining versatile deuterated silanes efficiently and selectively under electrochemical conditions using green deuterium sources remains enormously challenging. Herein, facile and general electrochemical deuteration of silanes using D2O as the economical deuterium source was reported.
Can we bend the curve: Trends in global biodiversity scenarios
Abstract Internationally, it has been agreed to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, a commitment partly underpinned by model-based scenario analyses showing that bending the trend is possible. These scenarios provide insights into alternative future biodiversity trends and their drivers.
Isothiocyanate-mediated cyclization of phage-displayed peptides enables discovery of macrocyclic binders
Abstract Cyclic peptides exhibit advantages in binding protein targets with high affinity and competency in inhibiting protein-protein interactions. Cyclic peptide phage display with more than a billion variants is an invaluable tool in drug discovery. However, achieving efficient peptide cyclization on phages remains a challenge because of the limited availability of reaction sites, which also restrict scaffold diversity.
RTX-family toxin EhxA drives morphological remodeling and thrombogenesis in RBCs during enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection
Abstract Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) causes thrombotic microangiopathy, yet the red blood cell (RBC)–centered mechanism has remained unclear. We identify the RTX-family hemolysin EhxA as the driver of RBC-mediated thrombogenesis. Deletion of ehxA abolishes Ca2+ influx, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, progression from discocyte to echinocyte to spherocyte, thrombin generation, RBC-endothelium adhesion, and RBC aggregation.
Electrically pumped single-mode microlasers with omnidirectional radiation for optical broadcasting communication
Abstract Semiconductor whispering gallery mode (WGM)–visible microlasers are promising compact, on-chip light sources for high-speed visible-light communication due to their small footprints, high Q factors, and in-plane emission. However, achieving fabrication robustness, precise mode selection, narrow linewidths, and low thresholds for WGM-visible microlasers remains challenging.
Extracellular vesicles mediate stem cell signaling and systemic RNAi in planarians
Abstract Planarian flatworms are known for their remarkable regenerative capacity; however, the precise intercellular communication mechanisms underlying this process remain unsolved. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of abundant extracellular vesicles (EVs) in planarians.
Animal-associated jumbo phages as widespread and active modulators of gut microbiome ecology and metabolism
Abstract Huge phages are widespread in the biosphere, yet their prevalence and ecology in the human gut remain poorly characterized. Here, we report Jug (jumbo gut) phages with genomes of 360 to 402 kilobase pairs that comprise ~1.1% of the reads in human gut metagenomes, and are predicted to infect Bacteroides and/or Phocaeicola.
Expansive spatial pattern of Aβ deposition in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A three-dimensional surface-to-depth analysis
Abstract Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in small vessel walls, often coexisting with Alzheimer’s disease due to impaired Aβ clearance. However, the spatial distribution of Aβ within the human brain remains unclear as the vascular network’s complexity and scale hinder visualization by conventional thin-slice analysis.
Antigen-specific TH17 cells offset the age-related decline in durable T cell immunity
Abstract Older adults are susceptible to infections in part due to waning of immune memory. To uncover mechanisms of a long-lasting immune memory, we contrasted varicella zoster virus antigen–specific memory T cell responses in adults vaccinated at young (<20 years) or older age (>50 years) with a live-attenuated vaccine conferring durable protection only when given at young age or with an adjuvanted component vaccine eliciting long-lasting immunity in older adults.
The emergence of cooperative behaviors, norms, and strategies across five diverse societies
Abstract Human cooperation involves a set of interconnected behaviors that develop in conjunction with the cultural environment. Despite recent advances in Western, industrialized contexts, we know far less about how cooperative behaviors emerge across cultures, how normative environments shape their development, and how these behaviors relate to one another.
A near-complete map of human cytosolic degrons and their relevance for disease
Abstract Degrons are short protein segments that direct proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, ensuring the removal of signaling proteins and clearance of misfolded proteins. We have performed a large-scale screen of more than 200,000 30-residue peptides from more than 5000 human cytosolic proteins, achieving 99.7% coverage. We find that 19% of peptides act as strong degrons, 30% as intermediate, and 51% as non-degrons.
Erratum for the Research Article “A multi-agentic framework for real-time, autonomous freeform metasurface design” by R. Lupoiu et al.
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Highly efficient production of nitrite and nitrate from air at the gas-water interface of nanobubbles
Abstract We report a simple, one-step conversion of air to nitrogen oxyanions (NOx−), i.e., nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−), at the gas-water interface (GWI) of nanobubbles (NBs). The nanobubble generator is placed inside an aqueous solution of 50 μM Fe2+ to enhance the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) by initiating Fenton’s reaction at the GWI. The formation of NOx− does not require any external potential or radiation.
Climate, ecological dynamics, and the seasonal distribution of birds in mountains
Abstract Biodiversity is unevenly distributed along elevational gradients. The predominant hypothesis is that macroevolutionary dynamics and climatic niche conservatism explain today’s elevational patterns of biodiversity, but the alternative energy efficiency hypothesis emphasizes modern ecological interactions related to energy budgets. We test these competing hypotheses by examining seasonal elevational ranges for 10,998 bird populations in 34 mountain regions.
Bacterial metabolic remodeling by convergent evolution unlocks nutrient availability after a host switch
Abstract New pathogens typically arise from host jump events between species. Staphylococcus aureus is a multihost pathogen responsible for a global burden of human disease and a leading cause of intramammary infection in dairy cattle. Here, we demonstrate that following historical human-to-bovine host switch events, S. aureus has undergone adaptive metabolic remodeling in response to distinct nutrient availability in the dairy niche. In particular, we found that bovine S.
In situ coagulation environment regulation-assisted thrombus clearance via hydrogenated silicon-based nanothrombolytics
Abstract Thrombotic disorders remain among the leading causes of global mortality, yet current thrombolytic therapies are limited by poor targeting specificity and inadequate microenvironmental modulation, resulting in suboptimal efficacy and serious side effects. Here, we developed a hydrogen-generating nanothrombolytic agent that enables enzymatic clot dissolution in combination with intelligent microenvironment reprogramming.
Three-dimensional printing of nanomaterials-based electronics with a metamaterial-inspired near-field electromagnetic structure
Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing can create freeform architectures and electronics with unprecedented versatility. However, the full potential of electronic 3D printing has so far been limited by the inability to selectively anneal the printed materials, especially on temperature-sensitive substrates.
Critical quantum metrology robust against dissipation and nonadiabaticity
Abstract Critical systems near quantum phase transitions were predicted to be useful for improvement of metrological precision, thanks to their ultrasensitive response to tiny variations of the control Hamiltonian. However, realizing criticality enhanced quantum metrology is experimentally challenging, mainly owing to decoherence and critical slowing down associated with the corresponding quantum state preparation.
Deep learning-integrated multilayer thermal gradient sensing platform for real-time blood flow monitoring
Abstract Blood flow monitoring is fundamental for assessing cardiovascular health and identifying vascular complications. Traditional Doppler ultrasound methods require bulky equipment and specialized expertise, while recent thermal sensing approaches face limitations due to blood vessel depth variability beneath the skin. We present a soft electronic platform that integrates multilayer thermal sensing with deep learning algorithms to simultaneously measure blood flow rate and vessel depth.
Privacy-preserving data analysis using a memristor chip with colocated authentication and processing
Abstract Privacy-preserving data analysis is essential in health care applications to safeguard sensitive patient information while enabling medical monitoring and diagnostics. However, existing solutions generally separate security from analysis modules and memory from computation units, creating hardware and energy overheads that constrain their use in resource-limited medical devices.
Ozone photochemistry in fresh biomass burning smoke over the United States
Abstract The first 5 hours of aging in biomass burning plumes can strongly affect ozone photochemistry. We examine how volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides, and nitrous acid influence hydroxyl radical, ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) based on three aircraft campaigns over the United States.
Mesothelial cells promote peritoneal invasion and metastasis of ascites-derived ovarian cancer cells through spheroid formation
Abstract Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are often diagnosed with peritoneal metastasis and ascites, the accumulation of intraperitoneal fluid containing nonmalignant cells. However, the interactions between EOC and nonmalignant cells before peritoneal metastasis remain unclear. To investigate this, whole EOC spheroids were observed using a multiphoton microscope, and their invasion ability was assessed.
Divergent stem cell mechanisms govern the primary body axis and appendage regeneration in the axolotl
Abstract Exploring the fundamental mechanisms of organ regeneration is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine. The axolotl tail represents an opportunity to study regeneration of the primary axis including segmented muscle, vertebrae, and skin. During tail development, muscle stem cells (MuSCs) displayed expected specificity to the muscle lineage.
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